Physiological response of plants to low boron
Physiological response of plants to low boron
复制标题
DOI：
10.1023/a:1004264009230
复制
发表时间：
1997-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Huang, LB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dell, B;Huang, LB
本文从植物整体和器官水平上对高等植物对缺硼的生理反应进行了综述。植物通过减缓或停止生长来应对土壤溶液中硼供应的减少。缺硼通过限制根尖生长区的细胞扩大和细胞分裂来抑制根的伸长。在严重缺硼的情况下，根冠、静止的根尖中心和原皮消失，根生长停止，导致根尖死亡。尽管缺硼根中维管束发育较弱，但缺硼对维管束发生和分化的早期影响尚不清楚。低硼抑制叶片展开间接降低植物的光合作用能力，但B在光合作用中的确切作用仍有待研究。与地上部生长相比，早期抑制根部生长会增加地上部与根部的比率。据推测，这可能会增加植物对环境胁迫的敏感性，如其他养分供应的轻微不足和土壤中的水分不足。在田间，有性繁殖通常对低土壤B含量比营养生长更敏感，种子产量可能出现显著的减产，而不会在之前的营养生长期间表现出症状。在花中，低B主要通过损害小孢子发生和花粉管生长来降低雄性可育性。受精后的影响包括胚胎发育受损，导致种子败育或形成不完整或受损的胚胎，以及畸形果实。然而，低硼对物种间以及同一物种内不同地点和季节的生殖生长的影响存在很大差异。这种多样性在很大程度上没有被当前的文献所解释。提出并讨论了缺硼可能损害生殖发育的关键过程。这包括形成一系列不同的细胞壁类型，提供生长和储存所需的碳水化合物，以及生产黄酮醇。花序结构、花形态、冠层结构和盛行的气候条件对木质部B进入花的运输是重要的，因为它们对蒸腾作用有影响。B的韧皮部转移到生殖器官的程度尚未得到充分的评估。大多数作物生殖过程中硼敏感阶段的时间需要确定，以便于适当的补硼处理时间。由于大多数容器研究通过抑制硼来施加硼缺乏，许多关于严重缺硼植物的数据需要重新评估。有必要进行进一步的研究，以了解溶液中实际低水平的B对分生组织和花器官生长的影响。对于这项工作，建议使用B缓冲溶液培养系统。
This review focuses on physiological responses in higher plants to B deficiency at the whole plant and organ level. plants respond to decreasing B supply in soil solutions by slowing down or ceasing growth. Boron deficiency inhibits root elongation through limiting cell enlargement and cell division in the growing zone of root tips. In the case of severe B deficiency, the root cap, quiescent centre and protoderm of root tips disappear and root growth ceases, leading to the death of root tips. Although vascular bundles are weakly developed in B-deficient roots, early effects of B deficiency on their initiation and differentiation is poorly understood. Inhibited leaf expansion by low B indirectly decreases the photosynthetic capacity of plants, though exact roles of B in photosynthesis remain to be explored. The early inhibition of root growth, compared to shoot growth, increases the shoot:root ratio. It is hypothesised that this may enhance the susceptibility of plants to environmental stresses such as marginally deficient supplies of other nutrients and water deficit in soil.In the field, sexual reproduction is often more sensitive to low soil B than vegetative growth, and marked seed yield reductions can occur without symptoms being expressed during prior vegetative growth. In flowers, low B reduces male fertility primarily by impairing microsporogenesis and pollen tube growth. Post-fertilisation effects include impaired embryogenesis, resulting in seed abortion or the formation of incomplete or damaged embryos, and malformed fruit. However, there is a great diversity of effects of low B on reproductive growth among species, and within the same species between sites and seasons. Much of this diversity is not explained by the current literature. Key processes in reproductive development which may be impaired under B deficiency are proposed and discussed. These include the formation of a diverse array of cell wall types, the supply of carbohydrates for growth and storage reserves, and the production of flavonols. Inflorescence architecture, floral morphology, canopy structure and prevailing weather conditions are suggested as being important for xylem B delivery into flowers because of their impact on transpiration. The extent of phloem translocation of B into reproductive organs has yet to be fully assessed. The timing of B sensitive stages in reproduction of most crop plants need defining in order to facilitate appropriate timing of corrective B treatments.As most container studies have imposed B deficiency by withholding B, much of the data on severely B-deficient plants requires re-evaluation. Further studies are warranted to understand the effects of realistically low levels of B in solution on the growth of meristematic tissues and floral organs. A B-buffered solution culture system is recommended for some of this work.