Shifting Development in Mid-Childhood: The Influence of Between-Task Interference
Shifting Development in Mid-Childhood: The Influence of Between-Task Interference
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DOI：
10.1037/a0015360
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发表时间：
2009-09-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Nation, Kate
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cragg, Lucy;Nation, Kate
任务转换范式的表现受到任务之间冲突数量的极大影响。与成年人相比，儿童似乎特别受到这种冲突的影响，这表明解决任务之间干扰的能力随着年龄的增长而提高。作者使用任务转换范式来研究这种能力在儿童中期是如何发展的。实验1比较了5至8岁和9至11岁儿童在对物体颜色和形状的决定之间切换的能力。与9 ~ 11岁儿童相比，5 ~ 8岁儿童转换任务的速度更慢，并且经历了更多的无关任务干扰，这表明在儿童中期，儿童在解决任务间冲突方面有了发展性的进步。在实验2中，在不同年龄的刺激和反应干扰的影响进行了检查，通过分离的颜色和形状尺寸的刺激和减少重叠之间的反应。研究结果支持了儿童中期任务转换中冲突解决能力的发展。他们还发现，一个复杂的相互作用的因素，包括所使用的任务和以前的经验与任务，影响儿童的变化性能。
Performance on the task-switching paradigm is greatly affected by the amount of conflict between tasks. Compared to adults, children appear to be particularly influenced by this conflict, and this suggests that the ability to resolve interference between tasks improves with age. The authors used the task-switching paradigm to investigate how this ability develops in mid-childhood. Experiment 1 compared the ability of 5- to 8-year-olds and of 9- to 11-year-olds to switch between decisions about the color and shape of an object. The 5- to 8-year-olds were slower to switch task and experienced more interference from the irrelevant task than did the 9- to 11-year-olds, which suggests a developmental improvement in resolving conflict between tasks during mid-childhood. In Experiment 2, the influence of stimulus and response interference at different ages was examined by separating the color and shape dimensions of the stimulus and reducing overlap between responses. The results support the development of conflict resolution in task switching during mid-childhood. They also revealed that a complex interplay of factors, including the tasks used and previous experience with the task, affected children's shifting performance.