Changes in internal temperatures within the built environment as a response to a changing climate
Changes in internal temperatures within the built environment as a response to a changing climate
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DOI：
10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.05.009
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Kershaw, Tristan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coley, David;Kershaw, Tristan
2003年8月，巴黎有14800人死于高温[1]，这是自1500年以来最热的夏天[2-5]。这些死亡不仅是由于异常高的高峰温度和昼夜温度波动的减少，而且也是由于建筑物未能成功地改变外部环境。据估计，到21世纪40年代，2003年类型的夏季预计将在欧洲范围内平均。显然，这将对发病率和死亡率产生重大影响，并对紧急服务提出挑战[7]。气候变化对内部环境的影响并不为人所知，这是目前许多研究的主题[8]。对于建筑科学家和应急规划人员来说，有必要了解由于气候变化导致的外部温度升高与内部温度升高之间关系的一般形式。在这里，我们表明，关系是线性的，不同的架构会产生不同的比例常数。这是一个令人惊讶的结果，因为它已经假设，考虑到大型结构内热流的复杂性，不存在简单的关系，并且在以前的工作中没有发现[9]。我们称这些比例常数为气候变化放大系数。这些系数充分描述了在外部气候季节性或年度性变化的情况下建筑内部环境的变化，可以用来判断特定结构对气候变化的适应能力。对新建或现有建筑物的这些系数进行估算和使用，将有助于：设计适应气候变化的更具复原力的建筑物，对翻修备选方案进行成本效益分析，并合理编制建筑物脆弱住户的风险登记册。(C)2009爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
In August 2003,14,800 heat-related deaths occurred in Paris [1] during what is considered the warmest summer since at least 1500 [2-5]. These deaths resulted not only from unusually high peak temperatures and a reduction in the diurnal temperature swing, but also from a failure of buildings to successfully modify the external environment It has been estimated [6] that by the 2040s, a 2003-type summer is predicted to be average within Europe. Clearly this will have a great impact on morbidity and mortality and produce challenges for emergency services [7]. The effects of climate change on the internal environment are not well known and are the subject of much current research [8]. For building scientists and emergency planners, there is the need to know the general form of the relationship between increases in external temperature due to climate change and increases in internal temperatures. Here we show that the relationship is linear, and that differing architectures give rise to differing constants of proportionality. This is a surprising result as it had been assumed that, given the complexity of the heat flows within large structures, no simple relationship would exist and had not been found in previous work [9]. We term these constants of proportionality climate change amplification coefficients. These coefficients fully describe the change in the internal environment of an architecture given a seasonal or annual change in external climate and can be used to judge the resilience to climate change of a particular structure. The estimation and use of these coefficients for new or existing buildings will allow: the design of more resilient buildings adapted to a changing climate, cost-benefit analysis of refurbishment options and the rational assembly of at-risk registers of vulnerable building occupants. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.