Adapting to the effects of climate change on water supply reliability
Adapting to the effects of climate change on water supply reliability
复制标题
适应气候变化对供水可靠性的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Charlton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Arnell;M. Charlton
预计气候变化将在英格兰南部产生更高的温度，更干燥的夏季和更潮湿的冬季。因此，预计水的供应量将减少（Arnell，2004年），夏季直接取水变得不那么可靠，季节性更强，降雨强度更高，产生大量径流，能够渗透到含水层的水减少（环境署，2005年）。在一个已经面临缺水和供水挑战的地区（环境署，2007年a），随着人口需求的增加，有必要在短期内（到2030年）进行适应。随着英格兰东南部的水资源面临越来越大的压力，水务公司及其监管机构正在探索各种选择，不仅要适应需求的变化，还要适应气候变化的挑战。英格兰和威尔士的供水行业充分意识到气候变化的挑战，并且存在估计气候变化影响和支持适应决策的方法（Arnell和Delaney，2006年）。该行业还确定了一系列解决供需失衡问题的备选方案，包括供应方和需求方措施。然而，每一种备选办法的实施都有具体的障碍，供水公司适应气候变化的能力也受到一些一般性的限制。本章介绍了初步的结果，从一个案例研究集水区在英格兰东南部与多个供应公司的供水短缺的适应障碍的评估。
Introduction Climate change is expected to produce higher temperatures, drier summers and wetter winters across southern England. Reductions in water availability are expected as a consequence (Arnell, 2004) with direct abstractions becoming less reliable during summer and more seasonal, higher intensity rainfall producing high runoff and less water able to percolate into aquifers (Environment Agency, 2005). In an area already facing water deficits and supply challenges (Environment Agency, 2007a), and with increasing population demands, adaptation in the short term (to 2030) is necessary. With water resources in south-east England under increasing pressure, water companies and their regulators are exploring options to adapt not only to altered demands, but also to the challenge of climate change. The water supply industry in England and Wales is well aware of the challenge of climate change, and methodologies exist to both estimate the effects of climate change and support adaptation decisions (Arnell and Delaney, 2006). The industry has also identified a wide range of options for addressing the supply–demand imbalance, covering both supply-side and demand-side measures. However, there are specific barriers to the implementation of each option, and some generic constraints on the ability of water supply companies to adapt to a changing climate. This chapter presents preliminary results from an assessment of the barriers to adaptation to water supply shortage in a case study catchment in south-east England with multiple supply companies.