Diversity of interstitial nemerteans of the genus Ototyphlonemertes (Nemertea: Monostilifera: Ototyphlonemertidae) in the South China Sea, with a comment on the distribution pattern of the genus
Diversity of interstitial nemerteans of the genus Ototyphlonemertes (Nemertea: Monostilifera: Ototyphlonemertidae) in the South China Sea, with a comment on the distribution pattern of the genus
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2022.1009536
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发表时间：
2022-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hai-long Liu;H. Kajihara;Shi-Chun Sun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hai-long Liu;H. Kajihara;Shi-Chun Sun
Ototyphlonemertes Diesing，1863，包括33个已命名种和许多未命名的形态种/分子实体，是一组独特的纽形动物，具有脑平衡囊，特别是生活在粗粒度的沙子。在拥有世界上最高的海洋生物多样性的印度-波利尼西亚海洋地理省，只有八种已命名的物种。近年来，在中国南海沿岸沿着的8个地点采集到耳盲类化石。通过自动条形码缺口发现（ABGD）、泊松树过程（PTP）和广义混合Yule聚结模型（GMYC）3种物种划分方法，利用4个系统发育标记（COI、16 S、18 S、28 S）对9个物种/实体进行了分析。根据形态学和分子物种划分的综合结果，6个实体被描述为新种：耳突突刺线虫Ototyphlonemertes conicobasis sp. nov.，珊瑚耳盲蝽，相似耳盲蝽，中华耳盲蝽，亚红耳盲蝽，和Ototyphlonemertes yingge sp. nov.之间没有形态学差异，2018年，尽管存在很大的遗传差异，但仍被视为候选物种。中国新记录种耳盲蝽Ototyphlonemertes ani Chernyshev，2007。主要基于系统发育分析的结果，两个以前建立的亚属被重新定义，和一个新的亚属，Procso subgen。十一月，已成立。通过对现有研究资料的回顾，共发现耳盲类101种/种，分布于18个海洋地理省。它们中的大多数（88.1%）是一个地理省特有的，进化谱系特有的地理区域并不罕见。最大的多样性记录在印度-波利尼西亚省（22种），虽然采样到目前为止只覆盖了一小部分的地理省。
The genus Ototyphlonemertes Diesing, 1863, consisting of 33 named species and numerous unnamed morphospecies/molecular entities, is a unique group of nemerteans that possess cerebral statocysts and specifically live in coarse-grained sands. Only eight named species of this genus have yet been recorded from the Indo-Polynesian biogeographic province, which harbors the highest marine biodiversity in the world. In recent years, Ototyphlonemertes were collected from eight sites along the South China Sea coasts. Nine species/entities were revealed by four phylogenetic markers (COI, 16S, 18S, 28S) analyzed by three species delimitation methods: Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), Poisson Tree Process (PTP), and Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent model (GMYC). Six entities are described as new species based on integration of morphological and molecular species delimitations: Ototyphlonemertes conicobasis sp. nov., Ototyphlonemertes coralli sp. nov., Ototyphlonemertes similis sp. nov., Ototyphlonemertes sinica sp. nov., Ototyphlonemertes subrubra sp. nov., and Ototyphlonemertes yingge sp. nov. No morphological differences were detected between two entities and Ototyphlonemertes chernyshevi Kajihara et al., 2018, despite large genetic differences, so are treated as candidate species. Ototyphlonemertes ani Chernyshev, 2007 is first recorded in China. Based mostly on results of phylogenetic analyses, two previously established subgenera are re-defined, and a new subgenus, Procso subgen. nov., is established. Through reviewing the existing studies, we recognize 101 species/entities of Ototyphlonemertes, which are distributed in 18 marine biogeographic provinces. Most (88.1%) of them are endemic to a single biogeographic province, and evolutionary lineages endemic to a geographic area are not uncommon. Maximum diversity has been recorded in the Indo-Polynesian Province (22 species), though sampling to date has covered only a small part of the biogeographic province.