Bone protects proteins over thousands of years: Extraction, analysis, and interpretation of extracellular matrix proteins in archeological skeletal remains
Bone protects proteins over thousands of years: Extraction, analysis, and interpretation of extracellular matrix proteins in archeological skeletal remains
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DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.10308
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Schultz, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schmidt-Schultz, TH;Schultz, M
在保存良好的状态下，骨骼保存了数千年来细胞外骨基质蛋白的整个蛋白质模式。从不同地理区域的不同考古遗址中分离的古代骨骼(从陶器前的新石器时代到近代早期)提取的基质蛋白，经电泳法分离后，其质量与现代骨骼的相同。通过特定抗体在免疫印迹中鉴定来自胶原蛋白(例如，U型胶原)、来自非胶原组(例如，骨结素)和来自免疫系统(例如，免疫球蛋白G)的分子。一项对五名史前儿童骨骼中免疫球蛋白G含量的比较研究显示，患有慢性坏血病的儿童中免疫球蛋白G含量最低。用双向电泳法对古骨蛋白进行了分离。这项技术使得细胞外骨基质的复杂蛋白质混合物的分离更具重复性。骨骼在其胶原蛋白和非胶原蛋白的构型中保留了早期代谢刺激的化学记忆。结合古代骨骼的显微镜检查结果，基于对完整蛋白质的分析，应该可以获得关于疾病历史和进化的更可靠信息。(C)2004年Wiley-Liss公司
In a good state of preservation, bone conserves the entire protein pattern of extracellular bone matrix proteins over thousands of years. The quality of the profiles of matrix proteins isolated from ancient bones (ranging from the pre-Pottery Neolithic Phase to Early Modern Times from different archaeological sites in different geographical areas), separated by electrophoresis, is as good as those from recent bones. Molecules arising from collagenous proteins (e.g., collagen type U, from the noncollagenous group (e.g., osteonectin), and from the immune system (e.g., immunoglobulin G) were identified in Western blots by specific antibodies. A comparative study of the immunoglobulin G content of the bones of five prehistoric children showed the lowest immunoglobulin G content in a child who suffered from chronic scurvy. Ancient bone proteins were also separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. This technique makes fractionation of the complex protein mixtures of extracellular bone matrix more reproducible. Bone retains a chemical memory of earlier metabolic stimuli in its configuration of collagenous and noncollagenous proteins. In combination with the results of the microscopic examination of ancient bone, it should be possible to obtain more reliable information on the history and the evolution of diseases, based on analysis of intact proteins. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.