Neural activity in the human brain signals logical rule identification.
Neural activity in the human brain signals logical rule identification.
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.90659.2008
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发表时间：
2009-09
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
K. Tachibana;Kyoko Suzuki;E. Mori;N. Miura;R. Kawashima;K. Horie;Shigeru Sato;J. Tanji;H. Mushiake
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文献类型：
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作者：
K. Tachibana;Kyoko Suzuki;E. Mori;N. Miura;R. Kawashima;K. Horie;Shigeru Sato;J. Tanji;H. Mushiake
为了选择适当的行动，我们要遵守在每种行为背景下独特确定的行为规则。如果规则不是预先确定的并且必须被发现，我们经常通过应用一个又一个候选规则来测试有关规则的假设。这种规则识别背后的神经机制仍然未知。为了探索哪些大脑区域参与逻辑规则识别过程，并确定这些区域是否与参与执行规则以找到合适动作的区域不同，我们在受试者执行规则识别任务时使用功能磁共振成像测量了大脑激活情况。受试者被要求根据“序列规则”或“概率规则”在屏幕上选择红色或蓝色方块。对受试者选择的正面或负面反馈引导受试者识别正确的规则。我们发现，在受试者接受假设检验期间，后内侧额叶皮层（pMFC）、尾状核、梭状回和颞中皮层表现出显着的激活。在这些大脑区域中，当受试者识别出规则时，pMFC 和尾状核也会在试验期间选择性地激活以响应关键反馈信号。此外，我们发现 pMFC 和尾状核活性区域之间的有效连接显着增强。
To select an appropriate action, we conform to a behavioral rule determined uniquely in each behavioral context. If the rule is not predetermined and must be discovered, we often test hypotheses concerning rules by applying one candidate rule after another. The neural mechanisms underlying such rule identification are still unknown. To explore which brain areas are involved in the process of logical rule identification and to determine whether such areas differ from those taking part in implementing the rule to find a suitable action, we measured brain activation using functional magnetic resonance imaging while subjects performed a rule-identification task. The subjects were required to select a red or blue square on a screen based on either a "sequence rule" or a "probability rule." Positive or negative feedback to the subject's choice led the subject to identify the correct rule. We found that the posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC), caudate nucleus, fusiform gyrus, and middle temporal cortex exhibited significant activation during the period when subjects underwent the hypothesis testing. Among these brain areas, the pMFC and caudate nucleus were also activated in response to the critical feedback signals selectively during the trials when the subjects identified a rule. Furthermore, we found a significant enhancement in effective connectivity between the active regions in the pMFC and caudate regions.