The International Workshop on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Report of the Subcommittee on Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophysiology of the Meibomian Gland
The International Workshop on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Report of the Subcommittee on Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophysiology of the Meibomian Gland
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DOI：
10.1167/iovs.10-6997c
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Sullivan, David A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Knop, Erich;Knop, Nadja;Sullivan, David A.
睑板腺（睑板腺）是位于眼睑的大型皮脂腺，与皮肤不同，与毛发无关。根据 Duke-Elder 和 Wyler 的说法，1 它们在公元 200 年首次被 Galenus 提及，后来在 1666 年，德国医生和解剖学家 Heinrich Meibom 对它们进行了更详细的描述，并以他的名字命名。睑板腺产生的脂质是泪膜表面脂质层的主要成分，可保护泪膜免受水相蒸发，并被认为还能稳定泪膜。 通过降低表面张力来撕裂薄膜。 2 因此，睑板腺脂质对于维持眼表健康和完整性至关重要。尽管它们与普通皮脂腺具有某些主要特征，但它们在解剖结构、位置、分泌调节、分泌产物的组成和功能方面有一些明显的差异。睑板腺功能障碍，今天称为睑板腺功能障碍 (MGD)，3 越来越被认为是一种独立的疾病实体。 4-8 据报道，在干眼病患者中，导致 MGD 的脂相变化比水相的孤立变化更为频繁。 Heiligenhaus 等人的一项研究发现，9 76.7% 的干眼患者出现脂质缺乏，而水相孤立改变的患者中只有 11.1% 出现脂质缺乏。这一结果与 Shimazaki 等人的观察结果一致。 10 绝对大多数眼睛患有 MGD，眼部不适定义为干眼症状。这些观察结果表明，所有此类眼睛中的 64.6% 和排除水性泪液分泌不足的眼睛中的 74.5% 被发现患有阻塞性 MGD，或腺体组织损失，或两者兼而有之。 10 Horwath-Winter 等人。 11 报告称，干眼症患者中 78% 存在 MGD，如果仅考虑非干燥性眼病患者，则为 87%，而孤立性房水患者的 MGD 为 13%。
The tarsal glands of Meibom (glandulae tarsales) are large sebaceous glands located in the eyelids and, unlike those of the skin, are unassociated with hairs. According to Duke-Elder and Wyler, 1 they were first mentioned by Galenus in 200 AD and later, in 1666, they were described in more detail by the German physician and anatomist Heinrich Meibom, after whom they are named.Lipids produced by the meibomian glands are the main component of the superficial lipid layer of the tear film that protects it against evaporation of the aqueous phase and is believed also to stabilize the tear film by lowering surface tension. 2 Hence, meibomian lipids are essential for the maintenance of ocular surface health and integrity. Although they share certain principal characteristics with ordinary sebaceous glands, they have several distinct differences in anatomy, location, secretory regulation, composition of their secretory product, and function. Functional disorders of the meibomian glands, referred to today as meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), 3 are increasingly recognized as a discrete disease entity. 4–8 In patients with dry eye disease, alterations in the lipid phase that point to MGD are reportedly more frequent than isolated alterations in the aqueous phase. In a study by Heiligenhaus et al., 9 a lipid deficiency occurred in 76.7% of dry eye patients compared with only 11.1% of those with isolated alterations of the aqueous phase. This result is in line with the observations by Shimazaki et al. 10 of a prevalence of MGD in the absolute majority of eyes with ocular discomfort defined as dry eye symptoms. These observations noted that 64.6% of all such eyes and 74.5% of those excluding a deficiency of aqueous tear secretion were found to have obstructive MGD, or a loss of glandular tissue, or both. 10 Horwath-Winter et al. 11 reported MGD in 78% of dry eye patients or, if only non-Sjögren patients are considered, in 87% compared with 13% with isolated aque-