How Convincing is Mr. Data's Smile: Affective Expressions of Machines
How Convincing is Mr. Data's Smile: Affective Expressions of Machines
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数据先生的微笑有多有说服力：机器的情感表达
DOI：
10.1023/a:1011811315582
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
C. Bartneck
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Bartneck
情感应该在界面设计中发挥重要作用，因为人们与机器互动就像社会演员一样。本文对通过言语、音乐和肢体语言进行情感表达进行了文献综述。总结了其参数的质量和数量以及合成的成功实例。此外，基于 Fogg 和 Hsiang Tseng (1999)，开发并测试了情感表达的可信度模型。经验数据不支持原始模型，因此本文提出了一个基于表达式的适当性和强度的新模型。此外，该实验还调查了情感表达的情感类型（快乐、悲伤、愤怒、惊讶、恐惧和厌恶）、对来源的了解（人类或机器）、抽象程度（自然面部、计算机渲染面部和矩阵面部）以及情感表达的呈现媒介（视觉、音频/视觉、音频）是否影响其说服力和清晰度。只有情感类型和多媒体演示对说服力有影响。表达的独特性取决于抽象和呈现它的媒介。
Emotions should play an important role in the design of interfaces because people interact with machines as if they were social actors. This paper presents a literature review on affective expressions through speech, music and body language. It summarizes the quality and quantity of their parameters and successful examples of synthesis. Moreover, a model for the convincingness of affective expressions, based on Fogg and Hsiang Tseng (1999), was developed and tested. The empirical data did not support the original model and therefore this paper proposes a new model, which is based on appropriateness and intensity of the expressions. Furthermore, the experiment investigated if the type of emotion (happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear and disgust), knowledge about the source (human or machine), the level of abstraction (natural face, computer rendered face and matrix face) and medium of presentation (visual, audio/visual, audio) of an affective expression influences its convincingness and distinctness. Only the type of emotion and multimedia presentations had an effect on convincingness. The distinctness of an expression depends on the abstraction and the media through which it is presented.