RELATIONSHIP OF ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENTS AND X‐RAYS TO BODY COMPOSITION
RELATIONSHIP OF ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENTS AND X‐RAYS TO BODY COMPOSITION
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超声波测量和 X 射线与身体成分的关系
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb17069.x
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发表时间：
1963
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
J. R. Stouffer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. R. Stouffer
已经开发了许多技术和程序来测量身体组成的各种成分。虽然已经应用了许多技术，但没有一个是理想的，尽管每一个都做出了一些贡献。迄今为止的工作报告肯定会证明身体成分研究的局限性和困难。用于测量体内身体组成的各种组分的类似技术已经应用于动物和人类。动物研究提供了一个很好的机会，以获得完整的解剖和化学分析的大量科目。猪在这方面特别感兴趣，因为它与人类相似。在动物领域中，我们主要感兴趣的是测量活动物的组分，这些组分为我们提供了用于经济评估的去毛胴体的组成的指示，测量脂肪和瘦肉的量和分布。脂肪是身体成分中最大的单一变量，在所有家畜中，猪体内的脂肪成分变化最大。对整个屠体进行全面的物理和化学分析将最准确地确定屠体的组成。然而，这不是很实用，工作人员一直在寻找其他简单的测量方法，以提供准确的成分指标。哈灵顿（1958）的一篇综述中讨论了评价这些方法的各种方法。在剖分的胴体上的不同点处测量皮下脂肪层的厚度已被用作猪的一般肥满度水平的指标。据报道，背膘测量值与乙醚提取脂肪量之间的相关性为0.84（Hankins和Ellis，1934），这与其他工作人员报道的结果一致。在动物还活着的时候，对动物的最终胴体组成有一些了解通常是有价值的，并且还希望能够在生长期间跟踪脂肪的变化。蹄上评估的方法包括一些相对较新的技术。测量生猪皮下脂肪的简单技术包括通过皮肤上的小切口插入窄金属尺，直至到达下方的肌肉筋膜（Hazel和Kline，1952）。在活动物上的四次测量的平均值和在分割的屠体上进行的四次背膘测量的平均值之间获得了0.81的相关性。活体猪背膘厚度值的证明导致了其他活体动物脂肪测量技术的发展和应用。
Many techniques and procedures have been developed to measure various components of body composition. While there have been many techniques applied, none have been ideal, although each one has made some contribution. The reports of work thus far will certainly attest to the limitations and difficulties of body composition studies. Similar techniques for measuring various components of body composition in vivo have been applied to both animals and humans. Animal research provides an excellent opportunity to get complete dissection and chemical analysis on a large number of subjects. The pig is of particular interest in this connection because of its similarity to humans. I n the animal field where we are primarily interested in measuring components of the live animal that provide us with an indication of the composition of the dressed carcass for economic evaluation, the amount and distribution of fat and lean are measured. Fat is the largest single variable of body components, and of all domestic animals the pig has the largest variation of this component in his body. Complete physical and chemical analysis of entire carcasses would provide the most accurate determination of carcass composition. However, this is not very practical and workers have been searching for a long time for other simple measurements that would provide an accurate indicator of composition. A discussion of various methods of evaluating these methods are covered in a review by Harrington (1958). Measurements of the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer at various points on the split carcass have been taken as indicators of the general level of fatness in the pig. A correlation of 0.84 between backfat measurements and the amount of fat obtained by ether extraction was reported (Hankins and Ellis, 1934) which agrees with findings reported by other workers. It is often of value to have some knowledge of the eventual carcass composition of the animal while it is still alive, and it is also desirable to be able to follow changes in fatness during growth. Methods of evaluation on the hoof include some techniques that are relatively new. A simple technique for measuring subcutaneous fat in live pigs involved inserting a narrow metal ruler through a small incision in the skin until the underlying muscle fascia is reached (Hazel and Kline, 1952). A correlation of 0.81 was obtained between the average of four measurements on the live animal and the average of four backfat measurements taken on the split carcass. The demonstration of the value of backfat thickness on live hogs has resulted in the development and application of other techniques for measuring fat in live animals.