Revealing centrality in the spatial structure of cities from human activity patterns
Revealing centrality in the spatial structure of cities from human activity patterns
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DOI：
10.1177/0042098015601599
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发表时间：
2017-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Schmitt, Gerhard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhong, Chen;Schlapfer, Markus;Schmitt, Gerhard
确定城市空间结构的变化是制定和验证适当规划战略的先决条件。然而，人们实际利用城市空间的方式高度多样化和相互交织，对目前的测量方法提出了越来越多的挑战。在这里，我们提出了一个新的定量措施的中心位置，不仅考虑到吸引到不同的位置，但也有他们所从事的活动的多样性的人的数量。这一“中心性指数”有助于确定功能性城市中心，并系统地跟踪它们在一段时间内的相对重要性，从而有助于我们理解多中心性。我们使用新加坡1997年至2012年不同年份的旅行调查数据来证明拟议的指数。它表明，一方面，城市国家已迅速发展向多中心的城市形态，比较密切的官方城市发展计划。然而，另一方面，市中心的重要性大幅增加，这部分归因于最近公共交通系统的扩展。
Identifying changes in the spatial structure of cities is a prerequisite for the development and validation of adequate planning strategies. Nevertheless, current methods of measurement are becoming ever more challenged by the highly diverse and intertwined ways of how people actually make use of urban space. Here, we propose a new quantitative measure for the centrality of locations, taking into account not only the numbers of people attracted to different locations, but also the diversity of the activities they are engaged in. This 'centrality index' allows for the identification of functional urban centres and for a systematic tracking of their relative importance over time, thus contributing to our understanding of polycentricity. We demonstrate the proposed index using travel survey data in Singapore for different years between 1997 and 2012. It is shown that, on the one hand, the city-state has been developing rapidly towards a polycentric urban form that compares rather closely with the official urban development plan. On the other hand, however, the downtown core has strongly gained in its importance, and this can be partly attributed to the recent extension of the public transit system.