Condition dependence, quantitative genetics, and the potential signal content of iridescent ultraviolet butterfly coloration
Condition dependence, quantitative genetics, and the potential signal content of iridescent ultraviolet butterfly coloration
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00014.x
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Rutowski, Ronald L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kemp, Darrell J.;Rutowski, Ronald L.
结构色是由光和表面的精细物理结构之间的相互作用产生的，通常非常明亮，彩色和彩虹色。考虑到这些视觉特征取决于光子结构的聚集丰度和建筑精度，结构上有颜色的性装饰似乎很好地表明了一系列配偶质量特征。我们测试了这一假设，通过调查的信号潜力的结构着色性二态蝴蝶Colias eurytheme。这种物种的雄性显示彩虹色的紫外线（UV）标记（由多层薄膜产生），覆盖在它们的背翅表面上的广泛的黄橙色色素沉着区域。只有结构UV已被证明功能作为性信号，因此，我们预测，它应该包含更可靠的表型和/或遗传质量信息，这将表明表型和/或遗传介导的条件依赖。在两个分裂家庭的育种实验中，我们通过在两个不同的幼年生活史阶段将全同胞暴露于不同的应激源来操纵条件：（1）降低的幼虫寄主植物质量和（2）变态期间的瞬时热/冷冲击。这两种压力源对关键的发展和生活史特征有深远的影响。每个应激源也显着影响男性背部着色，因此，结构和色素着色的表达是表型条件依赖。如预测的那样，最强的条件依赖性在亮度和角度可见度中是明显的（即，彩虹色）的UV。虹彩UV和色素橙子的性状也表现出中-高和显著的遗传力（H-2与h（2）相似，在0.4-0.9之间）。然而，遗传和残差方差并没有增加压力下，因此，所观察到的条件依赖性不遗传介导的预测，如果翅色性状信号“好”的基因的能力，无论是承受或规避发展压力。虹彩紫外线的应激敏感性提高表明，它提供了一个有益的寿命指标的少年环境，此后，成年男性的表型条件，这可能是突出的女性寻求一个高度肥沃和/或营养的男性射精。
Structural colors result from an interaction between light and the fine-scale physical structure of a surface, and are often extremely bright, chromatic, and iridescent. Given that these visual features depend upon the aggregate abundance and architectural precision of photonic structures, structurally colored sexual ornaments seem well placed to indicate a range of mate quality characteristics. We tested this hypothesis by investigating the signaling potential of structural coloration in the sexually dimorphic butterfly Colias eurytheme. Males of this species display iridescent ultraviolet (UV) markings (arising from multilayer thin films)that overlay a broad area of yellowish-orange pigmentation on their dorsal wing surface. Only the structural UV has demonstrated function as a sexual signal; hence we predicted that it should contain more reliable phenotypic and/or genetic quality information, which would be indicated by phenotypic and/or genetically mediated condition dependence. in two split-family breeding experiments we manipulated condition by exposing full siblings to different stressors at two different juvenile life-history stages: (1) reduced larval host-plant quality and (2) transient heat/cold shocks during metamorphosis. Both stressors had profound effects on key developmental and life-history traits. Each stressor also significantly affected male dorsal coloration; thus, the expression of both structural and pigmentary coloration is phenotypically condition dependent. As predicted, the strongest condition dependence was evident in the brightness and angular visibility (i.e., iridescence) of the UV. Characteristics of both the iridescent UV and pigmentary orange also exhibited moderate-high and significant heritability (H-2 similar to h(2) similar to 0.4-0.9). However, genetic and residual variances did not increase under stress; thus, the observed condition dependence was not genetically mediated as predicted if wing color trait signals "good" genes for the ability to either withstand or circumvent developmental stress. The heightened stress sensitivity of the iridescent UV suggests that it offers an informative lifetime indicator of juvenile environments and, henceforth, adult male phenotypic condition, which may be salient to females seeking a highly fertile and/or nutritious male ejaculate.