SpiNNaker: A 1-W 18-Core System-on-Chip for Massively-Parallel Neural Network Simulation
SpiNNaker: A 1-W 18-Core System-on-Chip for Massively-Parallel Neural Network Simulation
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DOI：
10.1109/jssc.2013.2259038
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发表时间：
2013-08-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Furber, Steve B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Painkras, Eustace;Plana, Luis A.;Furber, Steve B.
尖峰神经元大型系统的建模在处理能力和通信方面对计算要求极高。SpiNNaker（尖峰神经网络架构）是一种大规模并行计算机系统，旨在为神经科学实验提供一种具有成本效益且灵活的模拟器。它能够实时模拟生物体内多达十亿个神经元和一万亿个突触。其基本构建模块是SpiNNaker芯片多处理器（CMP），这是一种定制设计的全局异步局部同步（GALS）系统，在同步区域内有18个ARM968处理器节点，周围是一个轻量级的分组交换异步通信基础设施。在本文中，我们回顾了其要求极高的目标应用的设计要求、SpiNNaker微架构及其实现问题。我们还对SpiNNaker CMP进行了评估，它在102平方毫米的芯片上包含1亿个晶体管，提供3.96吉指令每秒的峰值性能，并且当所有处理器内核以180兆赫兹的标称频率运行时，峰值功耗为1瓦。SpiNNaker芯片完全可运行，并满足其功率和性能要求。
The modelling of large systems of spiking neurons is computationally very demanding in terms of processing power and communication. SpiNNaker-Spiking Neural Network architecture-is a massively parallel computer system designed to provide a cost-effective and flexible simulator for neuroscience experiments. It can model up to a billion neurons and a trillion synapses in biological real time. The basic building block is the SpiNNaker Chip Multiprocessor (CMP), which is a custom-designed globally asynchronous locally synchronous (GALS) system with 18 ARM968 processor nodes residing in synchronous islands, surrounded by a lightweight, packet-switched asynchronous communications infrastructure. In this paper, we review the design requirements for its very demanding target application, the SpiNNaker micro-architecture and its implementation issues. We also evaluate the SpiNNaker CMP, which contains 100 million transistors in a 102-mm(2) die, provides a peak performance of 3.96 GIPS, and has a peak power consumption of 1 W when all processor cores operate at the nominal frequency of 180 MHz. SpiNNaker chips are fully operational and meet their power and performance requirements.