The structures and gating mechanism of human calcium homeostasis modulator 2.

The structures and gating mechanism of human calcium homeostasis modulator 2.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41586-019-1781-3
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发表时间:
2019-12
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Lü W
Lü W
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Choi W;Clemente N;Sun W;Du J;Lü W

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钙稳态调节剂(CALHMs)是一种电压门控、钙离子抑制的非选择性离子通道,是ATP释放的主要通道,在味觉信号和神经元毒性中发挥重要作用。CALHMs的功能障碍以前被认为与神经疾病有关。在这里,我们展示了人的CALHM2通道的冷冻电子显微镜结构,在无钙激活或开放状态,以及在Ru红(RUR)结合的抑制状态,分辨率高达2.7ó。我们的工作表明,纯化的CALHM2通道既形成了缝隙连接,也形成了十一体半通道。该原型显示了跨膜区(螺旋S1-S4)的镜像排列,相对于具有类似拓扑的其他通道,如连接蛋白、内联蛋白和体积调节的阴离子通道。与RUR结合后,我们观察到一个收缩的孔,孔衬螺旋S1的构象发生了显著的变化,从垂直位置向上升位置向孔轴摆动了近60°。我们提出了一种两段式的门控机制,其中S1螺旋粗调,而N端螺旋微调,孔大小。我们在螺旋S1附近发现了一个RUR结合位点,该结合位点可能稳定了提升构象中的这个螺旋,从而引起通道抑制。我们的工作详细阐述了CALHM2通道结构和对称性的原理,以及通道抑制的基础机制。
Calcium homeostasis modulators (CALHMs) are voltage-gated, Ca2+-inhibited nonselective ion channels that act as major ATP release channels, and have important roles in gustatory signalling and neuronal toxicity. Dysfunction of CALHMs has previously been linked to neurological disorders. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of the human CALHM2 channel in the Ca2+-free active or open state and in the ruthenium red (RUR)-bound inhibited state, at resolutions up to 2.7 Å. Our work shows that purified CALHM2 channels form both gap junctions and undecameric hemichannels. The protomer shows a mirrored arrangement of the transmembrane domains (helices S1–S4), relative to other channels with a similar topology such as connexins, innexins and volume-regulated anion channels. Upon binding to RUR, we observed a contracted pore with notable conformational changes of the pore-lining helix S1, which swings nearly 60° towards the pore axis from a vertical to a lifted position. We propose a two-section gating mechanism in which the S1 helix coarsely adjusts, and the N-terminal helix fine-tunes, the pore size. We identified a RUR-binding site near helix S1 that may stabilize this helix in the lifted conformation, giving rise to channel inhibition. Our work elaborates on the principles of CALHM2 channel architecture and symmetry, and the mechanism that underlies channel inhibition.
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