Omega 3 Fatty Acids: Novel Neurotherapeutic Targets for Cognitive Dysfunction in Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia?
Omega 3 Fatty Acids: Novel Neurotherapeutic Targets for Cognitive Dysfunction in Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia?
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DOI：
10.2174/1570159x13666150630173047
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Oertel-Knoechel, Viola
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Knoechel, Christian;Voss, Martin;Oertel-Knoechel, Viola
越来越多的来自临床前以及流行病学和临床研究的证据表明，饮食摄入omega-3脂肪酸对认知功能有潜在的有益作用。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们将总结和讨论流行病学、干预性和实验性研究的最新发现，这些研究将omega-3脂肪酸的饮食摄入量与健康成年人的认知功能联系起来。此外，情感障碍和精神分裂症(SZ)的特点是认知功能障碍，包括几个领域。认知功能障碍与这些疾病的功能受损和生活质量密切相关。因此，目前的综述集中在omega-3脂肪酸对SZ和情感障碍患者认知的潜在影响。总而言之，目前的数据主要来自机械模型和动物研究，表明补充辅助的omega-3脂肪酸可以改善SZ和情感障碍的认知功能。然而，除了它的翻译前景外，对人类临床有益的证据也是喜忧参半。尽管有证据表明，附加的omega-3脂肪酸可能对单相和双相抑郁症的情感症状都有好处，但到目前为止，还没有随机对照试验评估omega-3作为情绪障碍的认知增强剂，而一项已发表的对照试验表明，omega-3对改善SZ的认知没有治疗益处。考虑到omega-3脂肪酸的多效性作用机制，设计良好的omega-3补充对照试验作为一种新的、特定领域的、针对SZ和情感障碍的认知障碍的靶点是合理的。
An increasing body of evidences from preclinical as well as epidemiological and clinical studies suggest a potential beneficial role of dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids for cognitive functioning. In this narrative review, we will summarize and discuss recent findings from epidemiological, interventional and experimental studies linking dietary consumption of omega-3 fatty acids to cognitive function in healthy adults. Furthermore, affective disorders and schizophrenia (SZ) are characterized by cognitive dysfunction encompassing several domains. Cognitive dysfunction is closely related to impaired functioning and quality of life across these conditions. Therefore, the current review focues on the potential influence of omega-3 fatty acids on cognition in SZ and affective disorders. In sum, current data predominantly from mechanistic models and animal studies suggest that adjunctive omega-3 fatty acid supplementation could lead to improved cognitive functioning in SZ and affective disorders. However, besides its translational promise, evidence for clinical benefits in humans has been mixed. Notwithstanding evidences indicate that adjunctive omega-3 fatty acids may have benefit for affective symptoms in both unipolar and bipolar depression, to date no randomized controlled trial had evaluated omega-3 as cognitive enhancer for mood disorders, while a single published controlled trial suggested no therapeutic benefit for cognitive improvement in SZ. Considering the pleiotropic mechanisms of action of omega-3 fatty acids, the design of well-designed controlled trials of omega-3 supplementation as a novel, domain-specific, target for cognitive impairment in SZ and affective disorders is warranted.