Peptide YY, appetite and food intake
Peptide YY, appetite and food intake
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DOI：
10.1079/pns2005427
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发表时间：
2005-05-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Bloom, SR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
le Roux, CW;Bloom, SR
肥胖症的流行比例正在上升。然而，热力学定律保持不变，因为如果消耗的能量少于消耗的能量，就会储存能量；这种储存通常是以脂肪组织的形式存在的。几种神经、体液和心理因素控制着这个被称为食欲的复杂过程。最近，肠道和大脑之间的密切进化关系变得明显起来。胃肠激素调节重要的胃肠功能，如运动、分泌、吸收，向中枢神经系统反馈营养物质的可获得性，并可能在调节食物摄入量方面发挥作用。PYY(PYY)是一种与神经肽Y(NPY)相关的36个氨基酸的多肽，与胰升糖素样肽1共同分泌。由肠道L细胞产生的PYY，虽然存在于整个肠道，但在胃肠道的远端组织中浓度最高。随着食物的摄入，PYY被释放到循环中。PYY浓度与餐后能量含量成正比，血浆PYY峰值出现在餐后1h。PYY3-36是肠道粘膜内分泌细胞和循环中的主要形式。外周注射PYY3-36可在数小时内抑制啮齿动物和人类的食物摄入。PYY3-36与Y2受体的结合导致NPY神经元的抑制和对阿片黑素皮质素原神经元的相互刺激。因此，PYY3-36似乎通过对下丘脑回路提供强大的反馈来控制食物摄入量。在生理浓度下，PYY3-36对食物摄入量的影响已经被证明，因此，PYY3-36在日常食物摄入量的调节中可能是重要的。
Obesity is taking on pandemic proportions. The laws of thermodynamics, however, remain unchanged, as energy will be stored if less energy is expended than consumed; the storage is usually in the form of adipose tissue. Several neural, humeral and psychological factors control the complex process known as appetite. Recently, a close evolutionary relationship between the gut and brain has become apparent. The gut hormones regulate important gastrointestinal functions such as motility, secretion, absorption, provide feedback to the central nervous system on availability of nutrients and may play a part in regulating food intake. Peptide YY (PYY) is a thirty-six amino acid peptide related to neuropeptide Y (NPY) and is co-secreted with glucagon-like peptide 1. Produced by the intestinal L-cells, the highest tissue concentrations of PYY are found in distal segments of the gastrointestinal tract, although it is present throughout the gut. Following food intake PYY is released into the circulation. PYY concentrations are proportional to meal energy content and peak plasma levels appear postprandially after 1 h. PYY3-36 is a major form of PYY in both the gut mucosal endocrine cells and the circulation. Peripheral administration Of PYY3-36 inhibits food intake for several hours in both rodents and man. The binding Of PYY3-36 to the Y2 receptor leads to an inhibition of the NPY neurones and a possible reciprocal stimulation of the pro-opiomelanocortin neurones. Thus, PYY3-36 appears to control food intake by providing a powerful feedback on the hypothalamic circuits. The effect on food intake has been demonstrated at physiological concentrations and, therefore, PYY3-36 may be important in the everyday regulation of food intake.