Differential expression of glutamate receptors in avian neural pathways for learned vocalization
Differential expression of glutamate receptors in avian neural pathways for learned vocalization
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DOI：
10.1002/cne.20201
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发表时间：
2004-08
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Kazuhiro Wada;H. Sakaguchi;E. Jarvis;M. Hagiwara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kazuhiro Wada;H. Sakaguchi;E. Jarvis;M. Hagiwara
习得发声是人类语言的基础，是一种罕见的特征。它存在于三种远亲鸟类——鹦鹉、蜂鸟和鸣禽中。这三个群体都含有用于习得发声的大脑发声核，而在它们更密切的非习得发声亲属中却没有发现。在此，我们克隆了所有谷氨酸受体四家族（AMPA、kainate、NMDA和代谢性）的21个受体亚基/亚型，并检测了它们在鸣禽声核中的表达。我们还研究了这些受体的一个子集在蜂鸟和鹦鹉的声核中的表达，以及在鸽子物种的大脑中作为亲密的声音非学习亲戚的例子。在21个亚单位/亚型中，有19个在鸣禽声核中表现出相对于声核所在的周围脑分支更高或更低的显著差异表达。这包括相对低水平的所有四个AMPA lMAN子单元,引人注目的是更高层次的钾盐镁矾亚基GluR5健壮的原子核的arcopallium (RA),分别为高和低水平的门冬氨酸单元NR2A和NR2B最直言不讳的核和低水平的metabotropic组我亚型(mGluR1和5)应承担的声音最响亮的核,第二组亚型(mGluR2),显示一个独特的极低水平的表达模式在HVC RA和高水平。AMPA亚基的剪接变体在声核中进一步表现出差异表达。一些受体亚基/亚型在蜂鸟和鹦鹉的声核中也表现出差异表达。与在发声学习者和非发声学习者的非发声区域发现的较小的差异相比，所有三个发声学习者的声核中差异表达的幅度是独特的。我们的研究结果表明，发声学习的进化伴随着一个保守的基因家族的差异表达，这个基因家族负责发声核的突触传递和可塑性。他们还认为，声音学习者的声核的神经活动和信号转导相对于周围的大脑区域是不同的。[j] .中国生物医学工程学报，2004,26(4):544 - 544。©2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc。
Learned vocalization, the substrate for human language, is a rare trait. It is found in three distantly related groups of birds—parrots, hummingbirds, and songbirds. These three groups contain cerebral vocal nuclei for learned vocalization not found in their more closely related vocal nonlearning relatives. Here, we cloned 21 receptor subunits/subtypes of all four glutamate receptor families (AMPA, kainate, NMDA, and metabotropic) and examined their expression in vocal nuclei of songbirds. We also examined expression of a subset of these receptors in vocal nuclei of hummingbirds and parrots, as well as in the brains of dove species as examples of close vocal nonlearning relatives. Among the 21 subunits/subtypes, 19 showed higher and/or lower prominent differential expression in songbird vocal nuclei relative to the surrounding brain subdivisions in which the vocal nuclei are located. This included relatively lower levels of all four AMPA subunits in lMAN, strikingly higher levels of the kainite subunit GluR5 in the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA), higher and lower levels respectively of the NMDA subunits NR2A and NR2B in most vocal nuclei and lower levels of the metabotropic group I subtypes (mGluR1 and ‐5) in most vocal nuclei and the group II subtype (mGluR2), showing a unique expression pattern of very low levels in RA and very high levels in HVC. The splice variants of AMPA subunits showed further differential expression in vocal nuclei. Some of the receptor subunits/subtypes also showed differential expression in hummingbird and parrot vocal nuclei. The magnitude of differential expression in vocal nuclei of all three vocal learners was unique compared with the smaller magnitude of differences found for nonvocal areas of vocal learners and vocal nonlearners. Our results suggest that evolution of vocal learning was accompanied by differential expression of a conserved gene family for synaptic transmission and plasticity in vocal nuclei. They also suggest that neural activity and signal transduction in vocal nuclei of vocal learners will be different relative to the surrounding brain areas. J. Comp. Neurol. 476:44–64, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.