Synthetic poliovirus and other designer viruses: what have we learned from them?
Synthetic poliovirus and other designer viruses: what have we learned from them?
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-micro-090110-102957
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发表时间：
2011-09
影响因子：
10.5
通讯作者：
E. Wimmer;A. Paul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Wimmer;A. Paul
由于已知的基因组序列，现代的DNA合成策略使原则上重建所有已知的病毒成为可能，而不依赖于自然模板。我们描述了2002年首次合成的病毒(脊髓灰质炎病毒)，它是在活细胞外完成的。我们评论了普通人和科学家对这项工作的反应，这项工作塑造了对其他病毒从头合成的反应。我们讨论了自2002年以来合成的病毒，其中包括其精确基因组序列必须通过煞费苦心地拼接序列信息来建立的病毒，以及涉及人畜共患病的病毒。病毒基因组的合成为研究这些生物的基因功能和致病潜能提供了有力的工具。它还可以对病毒基因组进行修改，达到迄今为止不可想象的程度。例如，对脊髓灰质炎病毒和流感病毒进行重新编码以开发新的候选疫苗，以及重构噬菌体T7 DNA基因组。
Owing to known genome sequences, modern strategies of DNA synthesis have made it possible to recreate in principle all known viruses independent of natural templates. We describe the first synthesis of a virus (poliovirus) in 2002 that was accomplished outside living cells. We comment on the reaction of laypeople and scientists to the work, which shaped the response to de novo syntheses of other viruses. We discuss those viruses that have been synthesized since 2002, among them viruses whose precise genome sequence had to be established by painstakingly stitching together pieces of sequence information, and viruses involved in zoonosis. Synthesizing viral genomes provides a powerful tool for studying gene function and the pathogenic potential of these organisms. It also allows modification of viral genomes to an extent hitherto unthinkable. Recoding of poliovirus and influenza virus to develop new vaccine candidates and refactoring the phage T7 DNA genome are discussed as examples.