United States and Japanese college students' attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help
United States and Japanese college students' attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help
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DOI：
10.1080/00207590444000339
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发表时间：
2005-10-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Clay, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Masuda, A;Suzumura, K;Clay, C
本研究旨在探讨国籍、性别、求职经历与求医态度之间的关系。对300名日本大学生和300名美国大学生进行了ATSPPH问卷调查。ATSPPH由四个子量表组成：需要(对需要的认可)、污名容忍(容忍与求助行动有关的污名的程度)、开放(人际开放)和信心(对心理健康专业人员的信心)。正如预测的那样，过去寻求专业心理服务的经历和性别是ATSPPH量表上表现的重要预测变量。有寻求专业心理帮助经历的人对寻求专业心理帮助的态度比从未咨询过心理专家的人更有优势。同样，在分别测试两个国家组的过去经验时，过去寻求专业心理服务的经验被发现预测了日本和美国参与者对寻求专业心理帮助的总体态度。此外，与没有经验的日本人相比，有经验的日本人也表现出更多对专业心理帮助的认可和对心理健康专业的信心。然而，与求助行为相关的污名容忍程度和人际开放的倾向在有和没有寻求专业心理服务经验的日本参与者之间没有区别。在美国参与者中也发现了同样的结果。在性别作为预测变量方面，女性对寻求专业心理帮助的态度往往比男性更积极。性别交互效应具有显著的民族性。美国女性的求助态度显著高于其他三组，表明美国女性的求助态度存在性别差异，而日本女性的求助态度不存在性别差异。如果忽略性别变量，日本学生对寻求专业心理服务的总体态度不如美国学生。对研究的其他结果和局限性进行了讨论。
The purpose of the study was to find how nationality, sex, and past experience of seeking professional psychological services are related to attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help. Three hundred Japanese college students and 300 US college students responded to the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help (ATSPPH) questionnaire. The ATSPPH consists of four subscales: Need (recognition of need), Stigma Tolerance (the degree of tolerance against stigma associated with help-seeking action), Openness (interpersonal openness), and Confidence (confidence in mental health professionals). As predicted, past experience of seeking professional psychological service and sex were important predictor variables of performance on the ATSPPH scales. Those who had past experience of seeking professional psychological help had more favourable attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help than those who never consulted psychological professionals. Similarly, in testing the past experience separately with the two nation groups, past experience with seeking professional psychological services was found to be a predictor of the overall attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help among Japanese and US participants. Furthermore, Japanese participants with past experience also showed greater recognition of need for professional psychological help and confidence in psychological health professions than Japanese without past experience. The degree of stigma tolerance associated with help-seeking behaviour and the tendency of interpersonal openness, however, did not differ between Japanese participants with and without the past experience of seeking professional psychological services. The same results were also found among the US participants. In terms of sex as a predictor variable, females tended to have more positive attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help than males. There was a significant nationality by sex interaction effect. US females had significantly more favourable attitudes than the other three groups, indicating that there was sex difference in help-seeking attitudes in the US group, but not in the Japanese group. If the sex variable is ignored, Japanese students have less favourable overall attitudes toward seeking professional psychological services than US students. Other results and limitations of the study are discussed.