The Anti-Phytophthora Effect of Selected Potato-Associated Pseudomonas Strains: From the Laboratory to the Field.
The Anti-Phytophthora Effect of Selected Potato-Associated Pseudomonas Strains: From the Laboratory to the Field.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2015.01309
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Weisskopf L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guyer A;De Vrieze M;Bönisch D;Gloor R;Musa T;Bodenhausen N;Bailly A;Weisskopf L
晚疫病是马铃薯上最具毁灭性的病害，由卵菌致病疫霉（Phytophthora infestans）引起。在有机农业中，晚疫病是通过反复施用铜基产品来控制的，这对环境产生了负面影响。为了寻找晚疫病管理的替代解决方案，我们先前已经从马铃薯的叶际和根际分离出大量细菌。在这里，我们报告了这些菌株与致病疫霉以及其他马铃薯病原菌共培养时的拮抗潜力。然后，我们专注于三个假单胞菌菌株，并比较其对晚疫病的保护作用，在植物中使用高通量叶盘测定与自动化图片分析的著名的生物防治菌株。当在温室中喷洒在马铃薯的叶子上时，菌株能够存活至少15天。在田间条件下，种群下降较快，但所有测试菌株仍可以在8天后恢复。绿针假单胞菌R47是离体条件下活性最强的菌株，也是温室试验中生长的植物叶盘上的最佳保护剂，但由于不利的感染条件，其保护潜力无法在田间验证。然而，其对植物中致病疫霉的保护作用、其在叶圈中的存活以及其在非常高的种群密度下定殖于马铃薯根际的能力表明了田间应用的潜力，例如，以块茎处理或叶面喷洒的形式。
Late blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, is the most devastating disease of potato. In organic farming, late blight is controlled by repeated applications of copper-based products, which negatively impact the environment. To find alternative solutions for late blight management, we have previously isolated a large collection of bacteria from the phyllosphere and the rhizosphere of potatoes. Here we report the antagonistic potential of these strains when co-cultivated with P. infestans as well as with other potato pathogens. We then focused on three Pseudomonas strains and compared their protective impact against late blight to that of well-known biocontrol strains in planta using a high-throughput leaf disk assay with automated picture analysis. When sprayed on the leaves of potatoes in the greenhouse, the strains were able to survive for at least 15 days. Under field conditions, populations decreased faster but all tested strains could still be retrieved after 8 days. The most active strain in vitro, P. chlororaphis R47, was also the best protectant on leaf disks from plants grown in the greenhouse experiment, but its protection potential could not be verified in the field due to unfavorable infection conditions. However, its protective effect against P. infestans in planta, its survival in the phyllosphere as well as its ability to colonize the potato rhizosphere in very high population densities, suggest a potential for field application, e.g., in the form of tuber treatment or leaf spray.