Decoding developmental differences and individual variability in response inhibition through predictive analyses across individuals
Decoding developmental differences and individual variability in response inhibition through predictive analyses across individuals
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2010.00047
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发表时间：
2010-07-02
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Poldrack, Russell A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cohen, Jessica R.;Asarnow, Robert F.;Poldrack, Russell A.
人们认为反应抑制在整个童年期和成年期都会得到改善。尽管年龄与停止持续行为的能力之间存在关系，但这些与年龄相关的变化是否反映了反应抑制的改善或导致反应表现变异的其他因素的改善仍然存在疑问。功能神经影像数据显示，反应抑制期间神经活动发生了与年龄相关的变化。虽然探索神经影像数据的传统方法仅限于确定相关关系，但更新的方法可以确定可预测性并可以开始回答这些问题。因此，当前研究的目标是确定神经功能的哪些方面可以预测年龄、抑制功能、反应速度和反应时间变异性方面的个体差异。我们对 9-30 岁的健康参与者执行了一项停止信号任务，要求快速抑制正在进行的运动反应。我们使用 GLM 进行了标准分析，并使用高维回归方法进行了预测分析。在成功的反应抑制过程中，我们发现通常涉及运动控制的区域，例如 ACC 和纹状体，它们与年龄、反应抑制（以停止信号反应时间为索引；SSRT）、反应速度或反应时间变异性相关。然而，在检查神经数据可以预测哪些变量时，我们发现成功抑制反应期间的神经活动可以预测年龄和 SSRT，而不是反应执行的速度或变异性。这种预测关系提供了新的证据，表明反应抑制的发育差异和个体差异与抑制过程具体相关。更一般地说，这项研究展示了一种识别个体差异的神经认知基础的新方法。
Response inhibition is thought to improve throughout childhood and into adulthood. Despite the relationship between age and the ability to stop ongoing behavior, questions remain regarding whether these age-related changes reflect improvements in response inhibition or in other factors that contribute to response performance variability. Functional neuroimaging data shows age-related changes in neural activity during response inhibition. While traditional methods of exploring neuroimaging data are limited to determining correlational relationships, newer methods can determine predictability and can begin to answer these questions. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to determine which aspects of neural function predict individual differences in age, inhibitory function, response speed, and response time variability. We administered a stop-signal task requiring rapid inhibition of ongoing motor responses to healthy participants aged 9-30. We conducted a standard analysis using GLM and a predictive analysis using high-dimensional regression methods. During successful response inhibition we found regions typically involved in motor control, such as the ACC and striatum, that were correlated with either age, response inhibition (as indexed by stop-signal reaction time; SSRT), response speed, or response time variability. However, when examining which variables neural data could predict, we found that age and SSRT, but not speed or variability of response execution, were predicted by neural activity during successful response inhibition. This predictive relationship provides novel evidence that developmental differences and individual differences in response inhibition are related specifically to inhibitory processes. More generally, this study demonstrates a new approach to identifying the neurocognitive bases of individual differences.