Sleep during naturally occurring respiratory infections: A pilot study
Sleep during naturally occurring respiratory infections: A pilot study
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbi.2019.02.006
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
影响因子：
15.1
通讯作者：
Axelsson, John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lasselin, Julie;Ingre, Michael;Axelsson, John
有强有力的实验支持感染增加动物睡眠的动力，人们普遍认为更多的睡眠是适应性免疫反应的一部分。虽然呼吸道感染（RI）在人类中非常普遍，但对于它如何影响睡眠却缺乏系统的知识。我们招募了100人，其中28人在研究期间患有RI（符合流感样疾病ILI或急性呼吸道感染ARI的标准）。我们测量了生病的参与者在家里的睡眠，客观地（活动记录仪）和主观地（日记评级），一周后以及四周后健康时。在RI的一周内，与健康的一周相比，人们在床上的时间客观上更长，总睡眠时间也更长。在感染期间，参与者也有更多的觉醒，但睡眠潜伏期或睡眠效率没有显着差异。在生病期间，人们还报告入睡困难增加，睡眠质量更差，睡眠更不安，睡眠更浅，而他们没有报告睡眠不足。大多数问题发生在生病周的开始，当时症状很强烈，之后显示出恢复的迹象（如所有10个睡眠结果的条件和数据收集的日/夜之间的相互作用所示）。RI症状的程度与睡眠质量差和睡眠不安有关，但与任何客观睡眠结果或其他主观睡眠变量无关。较高的体温与任何睡眠变量都没有显着相关。这项研究表明，呼吸道感染与卧床时间更长和睡眠时间更长有关，但客观和主观上也与睡眠更不安有关。这项新的研究应被视为具有试点性质。有必要进行更大规模的研究，对病原体类型进行分类，并包括基线预测因素，或操纵睡眠，以了解感染期间观察到的睡眠改变是否是适应性的，以及睡眠干预是否可用于改善呼吸道感染的恢复。
There is strong experimental support that infections increase the drive for sleep in animals, and it is widely believed that more sleep is part of an adaptive immune response. While respiratory infections (RI) are very prevalent in humans, there is a striking lack of systematic knowledge on how it affects sleep. We recruited 100 people, among whom 28 became sick with an RI during the study period (fulfilling criteria for influenza-like illness, ILI, or acute respiratory infection, ARI). We measured sick participants' sleep at home, both objectively (actigraphy) and subjectively (diary ratings), for one week as well as four weeks later when healthy. During the week with RI, people spent objectively longer time in bed and had a longer total sleep time compared to the healthy week. During the infection, participants also had more awakenings, but no significant differences in sleep latency or sleep efficiency. While sick, people also reported increased difficulties falling asleep, worse sleep quality, more restless sleep and more shallow sleep, while they did not report sleep to be less sufficient. Most problems occurred at the beginning of the sickness week, when symptoms were strong, and showed signs of recovery thereafter (as indicated by interactions between condition and day/night of data collection for all the 10 sleep outcomes). The degree of symptoms of RI was related to a worse sleep quality and more restless sleep, but not to any of the objective sleep outcomes or the other subjective sleep variables. Having a higher body temperature was not significantly related to any of the sleep variables. This study suggests that having a respiratory infection is associated with spending more time in bed and sleeping longer, but also with more disturbed sleep, both objectively and subjectively. This novel study should be seen as being of pilot character. There is a need for larger studies which classify pathogen type and include baseline predictors, or that manipulate sleep, in order to understand whether the sleep alterations seen during infections are adaptive and whether sleep interventions could be used to improve recovery from respiratory infections.