African and Asian perspectives on the origins of modern humans.
African and Asian perspectives on the origins of modern humans.
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非洲和亚洲对现代人类起源的看法。
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.1992.0098
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发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. D. Clark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. D. Clark
文化证据的方式-在其时间背景下-可以用来暗示行为模式，并确定可能的变化原因进行了讨论。测年方法可靠性的提高，来自不同地区的日期套件，以及来自非洲东北部、黎凡特、印度和中国等关键地区的新的、确定年代的化石人类，对于澄清现代基因库的起源和传播至关重要。在非洲的原始人类祖先进行审查，以及在亚洲的独立起源的索赔。文化的差异和变化在非洲，西亚和南亚和远东地区在晚中早期晚更新世进行检查和比较，并提出了一些行为的影响，考虑到进化框架所建议的“多区域进化”和“诺亚方舟”假说的人类进化。对非洲、西亚和印度与东南亚和远东之间的文化差异提出了一种可能的解释。第一个解剖学上的现代人类，约。100 ka前，和旧石器时代晚期的外观和其他同期的技术和行为的变化约40 ka前，进行了讨论。有人建议，解剖学的变化发生在第一，和神经系统的变化允许发展完全句法语言约50 ka后。欧亚大陆的“旧石器时代晚期”最能说明这一点的知识和行为革命似乎依赖于现代基因库中的语言发展，并引发了整个旧世界人口的快速迁移。
The ways in which the cultural evidence - in its chronological context - can be used to imply behavioural patterning and to identify possible causes of change are discussed. Improved reliability in dating methods, suites of dates from different regional localities, and new, firmly dated fossil hominids from crucial regions such as northeast Africa, the Levant, India and China, are essential for clarification of the origin and spread of the modern genepool. Hominid ancestry in Africa is reviewed, as well as the claims for an independent origin in Asia. The cultural differences and changes within Africa, West and South Asia and the Far East in the later Middle and early Upper Pleistocene are examined and compared, and some behavioural implications are suggested, taking account of the evolutionary frameworks suggested by the 'multiregional evolution' and 'Noah's Ark' hypotheses of human evolution. A possible explanation is proposed for the cultural differences between Africa, West Asia and India on the one hand, and southeast Asia and the Far East on the other. The apparent hiatus between the appearance of the first anatomically modern humans, ca. 100 ka ago, and the appearance of the Upper Palaeolithic and other contemporaneous technological and behavioural changes around 40 ka ago, is discussed. It is suggested that the anatomical changes occurred first, and that neurological changes permitted the development of fully syntactic language some 50 ka later. The intellectual and behavioural revolution, best demonstrated by the 'Upper Palaeolithic' of Eurasia, seems to have been dependent on this linguistic development - within the modern genepool - and triggered the rapid migration of human populations throughout the Old World.