‘Now Is the Time!’ The Importance of International Spaces for Women’s Activism within the ANC, 1960–1976
‘Now Is the Time!’ The Importance of International Spaces for Women’s Activism within the ANC, 1960–1976
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“现在是时候了！”1960-1976 年非国大内部国际空间对妇女活动的重要性
DOI：
10.1080/03057070.2019.1605738
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
E. Lundin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Lundin
本文描绘了1960-1976年早期流亡时期ANC女性的女权主义斗争，以及流亡经历如何重新定位她们反种族隔离斗争和女权主义的方法。它讨论了影响非国大妇女在组织中的地位的政治事件和等级制度，以及国际空间如何帮助塑造她们的行动主义。我认为，尽管非国大的女性在流亡的强势领导人的影响下取得了进步，但南非的形势和非国大僵化的父权文化意味着，在这一时期，无论是在种族隔离国家内部还是在解放运动本身，女性争取政治平等的斗争都远未取得成功。文章以瑞典非国大女性的经历，以及达累斯萨拉姆和卢萨卡非国大总部更为人所知的故事为例，展示了当时流亡女性在整个非洲、跨大洲和国际外交舞台上建立的国际联系，以及她们对第二波女权主义和黑人自豪感的接触，对她们的动员和组织能力产生了直接影响，使她们能够为种族隔离时代后期积累力量。
This article charts ANC women’s feminist struggles in the early exile era, 1960–1976, and how the experience of exile reoriented their approach to anti-apartheid struggles and feminism. It discusses the political events and hierarchies that affected the position of ANC women within the organisation, and how international spaces helped shape their activism. I argue that although women in the ANC made progress under the influence of strong leaders in exile, the situation in South Africa and the ANC’s rigid patriarchal culture meant that women’s fight for political equality was far from successful in this period, both within the apartheid state and the liberation movement itself. Using the experiences of ANC women based in Sweden alongside better-known stories from the ANC headquarters in Dar es Salaam and Lusaka, the article shows that the international connections that women in exile made at this time – throughout Africa, across continents and on the international diplomatic scene – and their exposure to second-wave feminism and black pride had a direct impact on their mobilisation and ability to organise, allowing them to build strength for the late apartheid era.