Biohistorical Approaches to "Race" in the United States: Biological Distances Among African Americans, European Americans, and Their Ancestors
Biohistorical Approaches to "Race" in the United States: Biological Distances Among African Americans, European Americans, and Their Ancestors
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DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.20961
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发表时间：
2009-05-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Edgar, Heather J. H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edgar, Heather J. H.
种族的民间分类法是人们在日常判断中对周围人的分类。作为文化传统，民间分类法可能会影响基因流，使基因流在地理上共享的群体之间不平等。美国的历史是一部不同的人从地球仪聚集在一起的历史，为探索文化和基因流动之间的关系提供了一个自然的实验。比较了非裔美国人和欧洲裔美国人的生物历史，以研究当地理和语言共享时，人口历史是否受到文化的影响。牙齿形态学数据被用来表明表型相似性，允许通过美国历史的历时变化被考虑。样本代表当代和历史上的非洲裔美国人和欧洲裔美国人及其西非和欧洲祖先人群（N = 1445）。修正的Mahalanobis的D2和平均发散度统计检验了样本之间的生物距离如何随时间变化。结果表明，西欧和东欧和南欧移民到美国的后代之间的社会接受交配产生了相对较快的群体之间的基因流。虽然非裔美国人在美国的时间比大多数东欧和南欧人长得多，但他们与欧洲裔美国人之间的社会障碍在历史上一直很强。这些结果表明，基因流是由文化因素，如民间分类的种族，部分形状，并了解当代人类的变化，史前人群之间的关系，和法医人类学的影响。美国物理人类学杂志139：58-67，2009。(C)2009 Wiley-Liss，Inc.
Folk taxonomies of race are the categorizations used by people in their everyday judgments concerning the persons around them. As cultural traditions, folk taxonomies may shape gene flow so that it is unequal among groups sharing geography. The history of the United States is one of disparate people being brought together from around the globe, and provides a natural experiment for exploring the relationship between culture and gene flow. The biohistories of African Americans and European Americans were compared to examine whether population histories are shaped by culture when geography and language are shared. Dental morphological data were used to indicate phenotypic similarity, allowing diachronic change through United States history to be considered. Samples represented contemporary and historic African Americans and European Americans and their West African and European ancestral populations (N = 1445). Modified Mahalanobis' D 2 and Mean Measure of Divergence statistics examined how biological distances change through time among the samples. Results suggest the social acceptance for mating between descendents of Western Europeans and Eastern and Southern European migrants to the United States produced relatively rapid gene flow between the groups. Although African Americans have been in the United States much longer than most Eastern and Southern Europeans, social barriers have been historically stronger between them and European Americans. These results indicate that gene flow is in part shaped by cultural factors such as folk taxonomies of race, and have implications for understanding contemporary human variation, relationships among prehistoric populations, and forensic anthropology. Am J Phys Anthropol 139:58-67, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.