The ocular effects of spitting cobras: I. The ringhals cobra (Hemachatus haemachatus) venom-induced corneal opacification syndrome.
The ocular effects of spitting cobras: I. The ringhals cobra (Hemachatus haemachatus) venom-induced corneal opacification syndrome.
复制标题
喷毒眼镜蛇对眼部的影响： I. 眼镜蛇（Hemachatus haemachatus）毒液引起的角膜混浊综合征。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Mohammad A. Abd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mohammad Ismail;Abdullah M. Al;Ayman M. El;Mohammad A. Abd
来自眼镜蛇(H.haemachatus)的毒液局部应用于两个品系的兔眼时，会引起广泛的化学沉积，延长角膜水肿和明显的缩影：白兔(白化)和灰鼠(有色)。在有色素兔，角膜水肿进展到完全的角膜混浊，角膜和结膜新生血管保持不变，直到实验结束(70d)。白化兔的角膜混浊和结膜炎在注射毒液后三周内消失。肝素和四环素治疗明显改善角膜混浊综合征，而特异性抗蛇毒血清治疗仅部分改善。据推测，这种毒液对眼睛的影响是由于它的心脏毒素，这是唯一能够引起角膜混浊综合征的毒液部分。肝素的保护作用可能是通过其与毒液中的心脏毒素的静电结合实现的。四环素可在强碱性心脏毒素的多个位置形成离子键。角膜混浊综合征与蛇的吐痰能力有关，因为其他不吐口水的眼镜蛇的毒液没有这种活动。
Venom from the ringhals cobra (H. haemachatus) caused extensive chemosis, prolonged corneal edema and marked miosis when applied locally to the eyes of two strains of rabbits: Buskat (albino) and Chinchilla (pigmented). In the pigmented rabbits, the corneal edema progressed to complete corneal opacification with corneal and conjunctival neovascularization that remained unchanged until the end of the experiment (70 d). In the albino rabbits the corneal cloudiness and conjunctivitis cleared within three weeks of venom instillation. Treatment with heparin and tetracycline markedly improved the corneal opacification syndrome, while treatment with specific antivenom resulted only in partial improvement. It is postulated that the venom owes its ocular effects to its cardiotoxin, the only venom fraction capable of inducing the corneal opacification syndrome. The protective effect of heparin is probably through its electrostatic binding to the cardiotoxin in the venom. Tetracycline could form ionic bonding at several sites in the strongly basic cardiotoxin. The corneal opacification syndrome was associated with the ability of the snakes to spit since venoms from the other non-spitting cobras were devoid of this activity.