PRODUCTION OF A POLYHAPLOID PLANT OF AEGILOPS CRASSA (6X) POLLINATED BY HORDEUM BULBOSUM1)
PRODUCTION OF A POLYHAPLOID PLANT OF AEGILOPS CRASSA (6X) POLLINATED BY HORDEUM BULBOSUM1)
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通过球大麦授粉的粗山羊草 (6X) 多单倍体植物的生产1)
DOI：
10.1266/jjg.52.397
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发表时间：
1977
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Sakamoto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Taeko Shigenobu;S. Sakamoto
多倍体物种的基因组结构可以从涉及该物种的种间或属间杂交的染色体配对来考虑。然而，通常很难区分自合性配对和异合性配对。在这种情况下，多单倍体植物提供了多倍体物种基因组构成的关键信息（Sakamoto 1964）。近年来对普通小麦和小麦单倍体植物的生产进行了研究。成功地将其与黄球花粉杂交，然后进行胚培养，在此过程中消除花粉亲本的染色体（Kasha and Kao 1970; Barclay 1975）。利用该方法，可以在由许多复杂多倍体物种组成的小麦族的几个属中诱导出多倍体植株。为了获得单倍体，对几个品种进行了球茎Hordeum bulbosum授粉，获得的杂交胚胎进行无菌培养。本研究以日本京都大学植物种质研究所保存的三种黄芩为雌性亲本：黄芩；有尾目林。(2 x), Ae。cyassa木香。（4x）， Ae, cyassa (6x), Ae；圆柱主机（4x）， Ae, heldreichii Holzm。(2 x), Ae。少年Eig (6x), Ae， longissima Schw等。(2 x), Ae。ovata绝壁。(4倍),Ae。(2), Ae。squarrosa绝壁。(2)短叶脉，绞制叶脉，叶脉，三棱叶脉野生。（4x）， Ae, triaristata (6x), Ae。triuncialis绝壁。（4x）；(6 x)。Hr的四倍体形式。以采自土耳其的球芽草为花粉亲本。用石蜡纸袋包起来的山菖蒲手阉割穗状花序，4天后用新折断的花药刷柱头授粉。bulbosum。杂交试验的13个品种中，只有6个结籽，见表1。结实率最高的品种为伊蚊、cyassa伊蚊（6倍）（46.3%）；缢蛏（30.2%）和三棱藤（53.1%）。由于杂交种子在授粉后10天左右出现败育现象，因此对其进行胚培养。杂交种子胚用Brink et al.（1944）使用的改良培养基培养，每1000 ml溶液中加入15 g琼脂、1 g酵母提取物和1 g维生素Bl。在无菌柜中解剖后，将胚胎植入试管中的琼脂表面，
The genome structure of polyploid species can be considered from chromosome pairing of interspecific or intergeneric hybrids involving the species in question. It is often difficult, however, to distinguish autosyndetic pairings from alooyndetic ones. In such case polyhaploid plants provide critical information concerning the genome constitution of polyploid species (Sakamoto 1964). Recently the production of haploid plants of Hordeum vulgare Linn, and Triticum aestivum Linn. was successful by crossing them with the pollen of Hordeum bulbosum Linn, followed by embryo culture, during which chromosomes of the pollen parent were eliminated (Kasha and Kao 1970; Barclay 1975). With the help of this method, it became possible to induce polyhaploid plants in several genera of the tribe Triticeae which are comprised of many complex polyploid species. In order to obtain haploids in the genus Aegilops, several species were pollinated by Hordeum bulbosum and hybrid embryos obtained were cultured aseptically. The following Aegilops species which have been maintained at the Plant Germplasm Institute, Kyoto University, were used as the female parents: Ae. caudata Linn. (2x), Ae. cyassa Boiss. (4x), Ae, cyassa (6x), Ae. cylindrica Host (4x), Ae, heldreichii Holzm. (2x), Ae. juvenalis Eig (6x), Ae, longissima Schw, et Musch. (2x), Ae. ovata Linn. (4x), Ae. speltoides Tausch (2x), Ae. squarrosa Linn. (2x) ssp, strangulate Eig, Ae, triaristata Willd. (4x), Ae, triaristata (6x), Ae. triuncialis Linn. (4x) and Ae, vavilovii Chenn. (6x). A tetraploid form of Hr. bulbosum collected in Turkey was used as the pollen parent. Hand-emasculated spikes of Aegilops enclosed in paraffin-paper bags were pollinated four days after by brushing stigma with newly broken anthers of Hr. bulbosum. Of 13 species used in the crossing experiment, only six set seeds as shown in Table 1. A high percentage of the seed set was observed in Ae, cyassa (6x) (46.3%), Ae. squarrosa ssp, strangulate (30.2%) and Ae, triaristata (4x) (53.1%). Since the hybrid seeds showed a sign of abortion at about ten days after pollination, the embryo culture was applied to them. The embryo of hybrid seeds was cultured with the modified medium used by Brink et al. (1944), adding 15 g agar, 1 g yeast extract and 1 g Vitamin Bl per 1,000 ml of solution. After the dissection in a sterile cabinet, the embryos were planted on the surface of the agar in test tubes,