The prevalence, distribution, and mental health correlates of perceived discrimination in the United States
The prevalence, distribution, and mental health correlates of perceived discrimination in the United States
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DOI：
10.2307/2676349
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发表时间：
1999-09-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Williams, DR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kessler, RC;Mickelson, KD;Williams, DR
这里提供的调查数据是关于全国主要一生感知歧视和日常感知歧视的流行情况；感知到的歧视与心理健康之间的关联；尽管在社会地位不利的人群中更为普遍，但结果显示，感知歧视在总人口中很常见，总样本中 33.5% 的受访者表示在一生中遭受过重大歧视，60.9% 的受访者表示在日常中遭受过歧视。感知到的歧视与心理健康的关联程度与其他更常研究的压力源的关联程度相当，并且这些关联在根据社会地位定义的子样本中并没有一致变化。尽管感知歧视仅解释了弱势社会地位与心理健康之间观察到的关联的一小部分，但鉴于其患病率高、分布广泛且与心理健康密切相关，在未来的压力和心理健康研究中，感知歧视需要比过去更加认真地对待。
The survey data presented here are on the national prevalences of major lifetime perceived discrimination and day-to-day perceived discrimination; the associations between perceived discrimination and mental health; and the extent to which differential exposure and differential emotional reactivity to perceived discrimination account for the well-known associations between disadvantaged social status and mental health, Although more prevalent among people with disadvantaged social status, results show that perceived discrimination is common in the total population, with 33.5 percent of respondents in the total sample reporting exposure to major lifetime discrimination and 60.9 percent reporting exposure to day-to-day discrimination. The associations of perceived discrimination with mental health are comparable in magnitude to those of other more commonly studied stressors, and these associations do not vary consistently across subsamples defined on the basis of social status. Even though perceived discrimination explains only a small parr of the observed associations between disadvantaged social status and mental health, given its high prevalence, wide distribution, and strong associations with mental health, perceived discrimination needs to be treated much more seriously than in the past in future studies of stress and mental health.