Neighborhood Characteristics and Disability in Older Adults
Neighborhood Characteristics and Disability in Older Adults
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DOI：
10.1093/geronb/gbn018
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发表时间：
2009-03-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Vlahov, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beard, John R.;Blaney, Shannon;Vlahov, David
为了描述老年人居住区对残疾患病率的影响，我们将纽约市老年人残疾人口普查数据与综合地理空间数据库中的环境信息相结合。我们使用因子分析，以获得组成和物理邻居的特点和线性回归模型的尺寸与残疾程度。社区集体效能的措施被添加到这些模型中，以探讨社会环境的影响。社区社会经济地位低，居住不稳定，居住在外国出生的比例低，黑人居民比例高的地区，以及负面的街道特征与“身体”残疾和“走出家门”残疾的患病率较高相关。高犯罪率还与身体残疾有关，尽管当轻罪逮捕从犯罪变量中删除时，这种关系消失了。低水平的集体效能感与更多的外出的家庭残疾，与种族/民族组成退出这个模型被替换为一个互动term.The城市环境可能会产生重大影响是否一个老年人与给定水平的功能障碍是能够积极的年龄和保持独立。
To characterize the influence of the residential neighborhood of older adults on the prevalence of disability.We combined Census data on disability in older adults living in New York City with environmental information from a comprehensive geospatial database. We used factor analysis to derive dimensions of compositional and physical neighborhood characteristics and linear regression to model their association with levels of disability. Measures of neighborhood collective efficacy were added to these models to explore the impact of the social environment.Low neighborhood socioeconomic status, residential instability, living in areas with low proportions of foreign born and high proportions of Black residents, and negative street characteristics were associated with higher prevalence of both "physical" disability and "going outside the home" disability. High crime levels were additionally associated with physical disability, although this relationship disappeared when misdemeanor arrests were removed from the crime variable. Low levels of collective efficacy were associated with more going-outside-the-home disability, with racial/ethnic composition dropping out of this model to be replaced by an interaction term.The urban environment may have a substantial impact on whether an older adult with a given level of functional impairment is able to age actively and remain independent.