Role of Glycans in Viral Infection
Role of Glycans in Viral Infection
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DOI：
10.1007/978-4-431-55381-6_5
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tadanobu Takahashi;Takashi Suzuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tadanobu Takahashi;Takashi Suzuki
A variety of viruses show specific binding to glycans on the cellular surface, such as sialoglycoconjugates, glycosaminoglycans, and histo-blood group antigens. The viral surface proteins recognize terminal sugar chain moieties of glycan and select glycans for binding to specific tissues and hosts. For example, orthomyxoviruses (influenza viruses) and paramyxoviruses recognize terminal moieties of sialic acid linked to galactose for infecting target cells. In most cases, glycans are thought to be involved in cellular surface attachment and cell entry of viruses, as viral receptors and/or coreceptors. Expression of sugar chain moieties is generally dependent on specific tissues, cells, and hosts. Therefore, the specific interactions of viruses with glycans significantly affect tissue tropism and pathogenicity by selection of the viral replication site. For example, human influenza A virus preferentially binds to sialic acid α2,6 linkage to galactose, which is expressed in the human upper respiratory tract. On the other hand, avian influenza A virus preferentially binds to sialic acid α2,3 linkage to galactose, which is expressed in chicken eggs and trachea. The difference in recognition is believed to determine host specificity of influenza A virus. Platforms of the sugar chain areN-linked glycan,O-linked glycans (containing proteoglycans), and sphingolipid. Difference in these platforms also affects functions of viral receptors. This chapter presents a review about glycans bound and recognized by representative viruses including coronavirus, flavivirus, herpesvirus, norovirus, orthomyxovirus, paramyxovirus, parvovirus, polyomavirus, retrovirus, and reovirus.
