Organoids and the genetically encoded self-assembly of embryonic stem cells.
Organoids and the genetically encoded self-assembly of embryonic stem cells.
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DOI：
10.1002/bies.201500111
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发表时间：
2016-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Martinez Arias A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Turner DA;Baillie-Johnson P;Martinez Arias A
了解早期胚胎模式的机制以及特定细胞及时分配到胚胎区域和命运以及它们发育成组织和器官的机制，是发育生物学的一个基本问题。这一过程的经典解释是围绕位置信息的概念建立的。因此，形态发生素源在细胞区域内的局部位置的程序性出现指导它们的分化。最近，无图案且最初相同的干细胞（成体和胚胎）发育成器官和组织，对位置信息甚至胚胎完整性的需求提出了挑战，以形成图案。在这里，我们从发育生物学的角度回顾类器官生物学的新兴领域。我们认为，这些系统发展背后的事件并不像人们经常认为的那样纯粹与“自组织”相关，而是与基因编码的自组装过程相关，其中遗传程序编码并控制生物结构的出现。
Understanding the mechanisms of early embryonic patterning and the timely allocation of specific cells to embryonic regions and fates as well as their development into tissues and organs, is a fundamental problem in Developmental Biology. The classical explanation for this process had been built around the notion of positional information. Accordingly the programmed appearance of sources of Morphogens at localized positions within a field of cells directs their differentiation. Recently, the development of organs and tissues from unpatterned and initially identical stem cells (adult and embryonic) has challenged the need for positional information and even the integrity of the embryo, for pattern formation. Here we review the emerging area of organoid biology from the perspective of Developmental Biology. We argue that the events underlying the development of these systems are not purely linked to “self‐organization,” as often suggested, but rather to a process of genetically encoded self‐assembly where genetic programs encode and control the emergence of biological structures.