Neighborhood deprivation and depression in adult twins: genetics and gene×environment interaction.
Neighborhood deprivation and depression in adult twins: genetics and gene×environment interaction.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0033291716002622
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发表时间：
2017-03
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Turkheimer E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Strachan E;Duncan G;Horn E;Turkheimer E
抑郁症是一个重大问题，了解其根本原因和相关政策含义至关重要。邻里特征与抑郁症有关，但这种联系的性质尚不清楚。未观察或未测量的因素可能混淆这种关系。本研究解决了一项双胞胎研究中的混淆问题，该研究调查了控制遗传、共同环境和gene×-environment （G × E）相互作用的邻里水平对抑郁症的影响。研究人员收集了2006年至2013年间3155对同卵双胞胎和1275对异卵双胞胎（65.7%为女性）的邻里剥夺和抑郁数据。抑郁和邻里剥夺的方差被分解为三个组成部分：加性遗传方差(A)；共同环境方差(C)；和非共享环境方差(E)。然后将抑郁与邻里剥夺进行回归，以测试直接联系以及这种联系是否混淆。我们还测试了G × E相互作用，其中抑郁症的遗传性受到邻里剥夺水平的影响。抑郁和邻里剥夺表现出显著的A（分别为21.8%和15.9%）和C（分别为13.9%和32.7%）方差。在所有双胞胎中，抑郁随着邻里剥夺的增加而增加（p = 0.009），但在控制了两种表型共同的A和C方差后，这种回归并不显著（p = 0.615）。G × E模型显示，遗传因素对抑郁的影响随邻里剥夺程度的增加而增加（p < 0.001）。邻里关系剥夺通过增加遗传风险是导致抑郁症的重要因素。已经提出了将社区与抑郁症联系起来的可修改途径，并应作为干预和研究的目标。
Depression is a significant problem and it is vital to understand its underlying causes and related policy implications. Neighborhood characteristics are implicated in depression but the nature of this association is unclear. Unobserved or unmeasured factors may confound the relationship. This study addresses confounding in a twin study investigating neighborhood-level effects on depression controlling for genetics, common environment, and gene×-environment (G × E) interactions. Data on neighborhood deprivation and depression were gathered from 3155 monozygotic twin pairs and 1275 dizygotic pairs (65.7% female) between 2006 and 2013. The variance for both depression and neighborhood deprivation was decomposed into three components: additive genetic variance (A); shared environmental variance (C); and non-shared environmental variance (E). Depression was then regressed on neighborhood deprivation to test the direct association and whether that association was confounded. We also tested for a G × E interaction in which the heritability of depression was modified by the level of neighborhood deprivation. Depression and neighborhood deprivation showed evidence of significant A (21.8% and 15.9%, respectively) and C (13.9% and 32.7%, respectively) variance. Depression increased with increasing neighborhood deprivation across all twins (p = 0.009), but this regression was not significant after controlling for A and C variance common to both phenotypes (p = 0.615). The G × E model showed genetic influences on depression increasing with increasing neighborhood deprivation (p < 0.001). Neighborhood deprivation is an important contributor to depression via increasing the genetic risk. Modifiable pathways that link neighborhoods to depression have been proposed and should serve as targets for intervention and research.