An Andean origin of Phytophthora infestans inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear gene genealogies
An Andean origin of Phytophthora infestans inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear gene genealogies
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0611479104
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发表时间：
2007-02-27
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Ristaino, Jean Beagle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gomez-Alpizar, Luis;Carbone, Ignazio;Ristaino, Jean Beagle
致病疫霉Phytophthora infestans（Mont.）德·巴里造成了19世纪世纪爱尔兰马铃薯饥荒。我们使用来自南美洲、中美洲和北美洲以及爱尔兰的94个分离株的两个核基因（β-微管蛋白和Ras）和几个线粒体基因座P3（rp/14、rp/5、tRNA）和P4（Cox 1）的部分序列评估了致病疫霉的系谱历史。针对细胞核和线粒体基因座的致病疫霉当前种群的汇总统计、迁移分析和系谱与致病疫霉的“南美洲外”起源一致。来自假定起源中心托卢卡墨西哥的P. intestans墨西哥种群的核苷酸和单倍型多样性低于安第斯种群。所有基因座的基于聚结的系谱是一致的，并证明存在两个谱系，导致当今马铃薯上肠疫霉的单倍型。与来自厄瓜多尔的包括Solanum tetrapetalum的Anarrhichomenun部分的分离物相关的最古老的谱系被鉴定为Phytophthora andina，并且从A intestans的共同祖先进化而来。在托卢卡墨西哥发现的核和线粒体单倍型仅来自两个谱系中的一个，而来自秘鲁和厄瓜多尔的安第斯人群的单倍型来自两个谱系。在美国和爱尔兰人群中发现的单倍型来自南美洲的两个祖先谱系，表明这些人群之间有共同的祖先。基因谱系上突变的地理分布表明，致病疫霉中最古老的突变起源于南美洲，与南美洲起源一致。
Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary caused the 19th century Irish Potato Famine. We assessed the genealogical history of P. infestans using sequences from portions of two nuclear genes (beta-tubulin and Ras) and several mitochondrial loci P3, (rp/14, rp/5, tRNA) and P4 (Cox1) from 94 isolates from South, Central, and North America, as well as Ireland. Summary statistics, migration analyses and the genealogy of current populations of P. infestans for both nuclear and mitochondrial loci are consistent with an "out of South America" origin for P. intestans. Mexican populations of P. intestans from the putative center of origin in Toluca Mexico harbored less nucleotide and haplotype diversity than Andean populations. Coalescent-based genealogies of all loci were congruent and demonstrate the existence of two lineages leading to present day haplotypes of P. intestans on potatoes. The oldest lineage associated with isolates from the section Anarrhichomenun including Solanum tetrapetalum, from Ecuador was identified as Phytophthora andina and evolved from a common ancestor of A intestans. Nuclear and mitochondrial haplotypes found in Toluca Mexico were derived from only one of the two lineages, whereas haplotypes from Andean populations in Peru and Ecuador were derived from both lineages. Haplotypes found in populations from the U.S. and Ireland was derived from both ancestral lineages that occur in South America suggesting a common ancestry among these populations. The geographic distribution of mutations on the rooted gene genealogies demonstrate that the oldest mutations in P. infestans originated in South America and are consistent with a South American origin.