Swimming in the USA: beachgoer characteristics and health outcomes at US marine and freshwater beaches
Swimming in the USA: beachgoer characteristics and health outcomes at US marine and freshwater beaches
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DOI：
10.2166/wh.2014.095
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Beach, Michael J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Collier, Sarah A.;Wade, Timothy J.;Beach, Michael J.
在湖泊和海洋中游泳很受欢迎，但人们对全国范围内海滩游客的人口特征、行为和健康风险知之甚少。来自美国多个海洋和淡水海滩的海滩游客的前瞻性队列研究的数据被用来描述海滩游客的特征以及游泳者和非游泳者的健康结果。该分析包括 54,250 名参与者。大多数（73.2%）进入水中；其中，65.1%的人将头浸入水中，41.3%的人嘴里进水，18.5%的人吞水。总体而言，16.3% 的海滩游客报告有任何新的健康问题。在游泳者中，有 6.6% 的人报告有胃肠道 (GI) 疾病，而非游泳者中这一比例为 5.5%（未经调整的 chi(2) p < 0.001）； 6.0% 的游泳者和 4.9% 的非游泳者报告患有呼吸道疾病 (p < 0.001)； 1.8% 的游泳者和 1.0% 的非游泳者报告有耳朵问题 (p < 0.001)； 3.9% 的游泳者和 2.4% 的非游泳者出现皮疹 (p < 0.001)。总体而言，游泳者报告的未经调整的胃肠道疾病和耳痛发病率高于非游泳者。目前的监测系统可能无法检测到与在天然水中游泳相关的个别病例和疾病爆发。更好地了解海滩游客的特征、活动以及与在天然水中游泳相关的健康风险可以改善疾病监测并优先考虑有限的资源。
Swimming in lakes and oceans is popular, but little is known about the demographic characteristics, behaviors, and health risks of beachgoers on a national level. Data from a prospective cohort study of beachgoers at multiple marine and freshwater beaches in the USA were used to describe beachgoer characteristics and health outcomes for swimmers and non-swimmers. This analysis included 54,250 participants. Most (73.2%) entered the water; of those, 65.1% put their head under water, 41.3% got water in their mouth and 18.5% swallowed water. Overall, 16.3% of beachgoers reported any new health problem. Among swimmers, 6.6% reported gastrointestinal (GI) illness compared with 5.5% of non-swimmers (unadjusted chi(2) p < 0.001); 6.0% of swimmers and 4.9% of non-swimmers reported respiratory illness (p < 0.001); 1.8% of swimmers and 1.0% of non-swimmers reported ear problems (p < 0.001); and 3.9% of swimmers and 2.4% of non-swimmers experienced a rash (p < 0.001). Overall, swimmers reported a higher unadjusted incidence of GI illness and earaches than nonswimmers. Current surveillance systems might not detect individual cases and outbreaks of illness associated with swimming in natural water. Better knowledge of beachgoer characteristics, activities, and health risks associated with swimming in natural water can improve disease surveillance and prioritize limited resources.