Gender differences in acute pesticide-related illnesses and injuries among farmworkers in the United States, 1998-2007
Gender differences in acute pesticide-related illnesses and injuries among farmworkers in the United States, 1998-2007
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DOI：
10.1002/ajim.22052
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发表时间：
2012-07-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Calvert, Geoffrey M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kasner, Edward J.;Keralis, Jessica M.;Calvert, Geoffrey M.
农业工人急性农药相关疾病和伤害的风险很高，女性农业工人的发病率约为男性的两倍。监测数据被用来确定这种性别差异的原因。方法我们确定急性农药相关的疾病和伤害的情况下，农场工人的哨兵事件通知系统的职业风险（ESTA）-农药计划和加州部门的农药法规。使用卡方检验评估了与急性农药相关疾病和损伤的性别相关性。还审查了全国农业工人调查数据。结果女性在农民工疾病和伤害案件中的过度代表性仅限于不处理农药的女性（非处理者）。与男性相比，受影响的女性非处理器农场工人更有可能从事水果和坚果作物的工作，接触目标外农药漂移，并接触杀菌剂和熏蒸剂。结论：尽管女性农业工人急性农药相关疾病和伤害的风险增加，但男性农业工人急性农药相关疾病和伤害的绝对数量远远高于女性。此外，农场工人很少或根本无法控制许多已确定的导致疾病和伤害的因素。严格执行现有法规和加强监管工作，以防止偏离目标的漂移接触，可能会在减少农场工人与农药有关的急性疾病和伤害方面产生最大的影响。Am. J. Ind. Med. 2012年出版。本文是美国政府的作品，在美国属于公有领域。Am. J. Ind. Med. 55：571583，2012。(c)2012 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.
Background Farmworkers have a high risk for acute pesticide-related illness and injury, and the rate among female farmworkers is approximately twice as high as that among males. Surveillance data were used to identify reasons for this gender difference. Methods We identified acute pesticide-related illness and injury cases among farmworkers from the Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks (SENSOR)-Pesticides Program and the California Department of Pesticide Regulation. Gender-specific associations with acute pesticide-related illness and injury were assessed using chi-square tests. National Agricultural Workers Survey data were also examined. Results The over-representation of females among farmworker illness and injury cases was confined to females who did not handle pesticides (non-handlers). Female non-handler farmworkers who were affected were more likely to be working on fruit and nut crops, to be exposed to off-target pesticide drift, and to be exposed to fungicides and fumigants compared to males. Conclusions Although there is an increased risk for acute pesticide-related illness and injury among female farmworkers, the absolute number of farmworkers with acute pesticide-related illness and injury is far higher among males than females. Furthermore, farmworkers have little or no control over many of the identified contributing factors that led to illness and injury. Stringent enforcement of existing regulations and enhanced regulatory efforts to protect against off-target drift exposures may have the highest impact in reducing acute pesticide-related illness and injury among farmworkers. Am. J. Ind. Med. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:571583, 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.