Family policies and single parent poverty in 18 OECD countries, 1978-2008
Family policies and single parent poverty in 18 OECD countries, 1978-2008
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DOI：
10.1080/13668803.2015.1080661
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Nieuwenhuis, Rense
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maldonado, Laurie C.;Nieuwenhuis, Rense
本研究探讨了家庭政策对单亲家庭和双亲家庭贫困的不同影响程度。我们区分了和解政策（用育儿假和无薪假比例进行测试）和财务支持政策（用家庭津贴进行测试）。我们使用了卢森堡收入研究数据库的数据，涵盖1978年至2008年18个经合组织国家的519,825个家庭，并结合了比较家庭政策数据库的数据。单亲父母比双亲父母面临更高的贫困风险，单亲母亲比单亲父亲面临更高的贫困风险。我们发现，就业可以减少贫困，特别是对于从事专业职业的父母和双职工父母来说。较长的育儿假、较小比例的无薪休假以及较高数额的家庭津贴与所有有孩子家庭的贫困程度较低有关。育儿假更有效地促进了单亲母亲的就业，从而比夫妇和单亲父亲更能减少她们的贫困。我们发现一些证据表明，家庭津贴最能有效地减少单亲父亲的贫困。收入分解显示，家庭津贴可将双亲家庭的贫困率降低高达 3 个百分点，将单亲家庭（母亲和父亲）的贫困率降低高达 13 个百分点。
This study examined to what extent family policies differently affect poverty among single-parent households and two-parent households. We distinguished between reconciliation policies (tested with parental leave and the proportion of unpaid leave) and financial support policies (tested with family allowances). We used data from the Luxembourg Income Study Database, covering 519,825 households in 18 OECD countries from 1978 to 2008, combined with data from the Comparative Family Policy Database. Single parents face higher poverty risks than coupled parents, and single mothers more so than single fathers. We found that employment reduces poverty, particularly for parents in professional occupations and for coupled parents who are dual earners. Longer parental leave, a smaller proportion of unpaid leave, and higher amounts of family allowances were associated with lower poverty among all households with children. Parental leave more effectively facilitated the employment of single mothers, thereby reducing their poverty more than among couples and single fathers. We found some evidence that family allowances reduced poverty most strongly among single fathers. An income decomposition showed that family allowances reduce poverty among two-parent households with up to 3 percentage points, and among single-parent households (mothers and fathers) up to 13 percentage points.