Scipione Riva‐Rocci and the men behind the mercury sphygmomanometer
Scipione Riva‐Rocci and the men behind the mercury sphygmomanometer
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Scipione Riva-Rocci 和水银血压计背后的人
DOI：
10.1111/j.1742-1241.2005.00548.x
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
A. Roguin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Roguin
血压（BP）的概念和测量的历史进行了描述。许多科学家参与其中。其中，威廉·哈维（William Harvey）在17世纪初取得了重大胜利，他宣布身体只有一个方向的血液循环是有限的。在18世纪中期，斯蒂芬·黑尔斯牧师报告了第一次对马和小型动物的侵入性测量。19世纪初，Poiquillille引入了水银液体压力计和mmHg单位。1855年，卡尔·冯·菲罗德（Karl von‐Vierordt）描述说，只要有足够的压力，动脉脉搏就可以消失。他还发明了脉搏描记器，这是一种脉搏记录器，可用于对人体进行常规非侵入性监测。1881年，von Basch发明了血压计和第一个无创血压测量。然而，在1896年，Scipione Riva-Rocci进一步开发了水银血压计，几乎就像我们今天所知道的那样。血压计只能用于测定收缩压。通过心悸观察脉搏消失将仅允许测量医生观察动脉完全收缩的点。1905年，尼古拉·科罗特科夫（Nikolai Korotkoff）第一个观察到动脉收缩时发出的声音。
The history of the blood pressure (BP) concept and measurements is described. Many scientists were involved. Among them, major triumphs were achieved by William Harvey during the early 1600s who announced that there is a finite amount of blood that circulated the body in one direction only. In the mid‐1700s, Reverend Stephen Hales reported the first invasive measurement in horses and smaller animals. Poiseuille introduced in the early 1800s the mercury hydrodynometer and the mmHg units. Karl von‐Vierordt described in 1855 that with enough pressure, the arterial pulse could be obliterated. He also created the sphygmograph, a pulse recorder usable for routine non‐invasive monitoring on humans. In 1881, von Basch created the sphygmomanometer and the first non‐invasive BP measurements. However, in 1896, Scipione Riva‐Rocci developed further the mercury sphygmomanometer, almost as we know it today. The sphygmomanometer could only be used to determine the systolic BP. Observing the pulse disappearance via palpitation would only allow the measuring physician to observe the point when the artery was fully constricted. Nikolai Korotkoff was the first to observe the sounds made by the constriction of the artery in 1905.