Experiments on tsunami induced boulder transport – A review
Experiments on tsunami induced boulder transport – A review
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DOI：
10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103714
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发表时间：
2021-09
影响因子：
12.1
通讯作者：
J. Oetjen;M. Engel;H. Schüttrumpf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Oetjen;M. Engel;H. Schüttrumpf
应用海岸巨石作为高能量波浪事件的代表的兴趣，即，海啸和大风暴在过去二十年中显著增加。研究包括现场调查、数值模拟或实验研究。然而，根据常用的逆向建模方法对过去的淹没过程进行的推断具有很大的不确定性，因此需要对相关参数进行验证。在这里，我们回顾自然巨石（和人工机构）的海啸，控制运输过程的物理参数提供了重要的见解运输的实验研究。我们总结和分类现有的实验研究的差异和范围，并指出的巨石的波面对的区域，因此，拖曳力，这是在大多数研究中强调的重要性。巨砾运输模式（例如，滚动或滑动），然而，在整个出版物中变化很大。相当多的影响参数没有系统地研究（例如，卵石-卵石相互作用的影响），并且一致认为，由于现有的不确定性，用于动员阈值的现有流体动力学方程倾向于高估必要的波高和速度。因此，并且基于当前的知识，使用参数范围（例如，建议使用最大值（如动员阈值、运输距离跨度）而不是使用精确值。然而，我们表明，比较的审查研究的特定结果是不简单的，由于非常个别的实验设置。在此基础上，我们提出了一个标准化的研究环境，这可能会简化研究之间的知识转移，并可能改善海啸引起的巨石运输的数值模型。
The interest in applying coastal boulders as a proxy for high-energy wave events, i.e., tsunamis and major storms, increased significantly during the last two decades. Studies include on-site investigations, numerical modelling or experimental studies. However, inferences on past inundation processes based on commonly used inverse modelling approaches are associated with significant uncertainties and the need for validation of relevant parameters has been expressed. Here, we review experimental studies on the transport of natural boulders (and artificial bodies) by tsunamis, which provide crucial insights into the physical parameters controlling the transport process. We summarize and categorize the differences and scopes of existing experimental studies and point out the importance of the boulders' wave-facing area and, thus, the drag force, which is highlighted in most studies. The boulder-transport mode (e.g., rolling or sliding), however, varies strongly throughout the publications. A considerable number of influencing parameters is not investigated systematically (e.g., the influence of boulder-boulder interactions) so far, and there is an agreement that existing hydrodynamic equations for mobilization thresholds tend to overestimate the necessary wave height and velocity due to the existing uncertainties. Therefore, and based on the current knowledge, working with parameter ranges (e.g., mobilization thresholds, transport-distance spans) is recommended instead of using exact values. However, we demonstrate that comparisons of the particular findings of the reviewed studies is not straightforward due to very individual experimental setups. Based on this, we propose a standardized research environment, which might simplify the knowledge transfer between studies and can possibly improve numerical models for tsunami-induced boulder transport.