Social Diversity in Dark Age Greece
Social Diversity in Dark Age Greece
复制标题
黑暗时代希腊的社会多样性
DOI：
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发表时间：
1991
影响因子：
0.4
通讯作者：
A. J. M. Whitley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. J. M. Whitley
本文试图对黑暗时代（公元前 1100-700 年）希腊社会的本质提供新的见解。它重新审视了考古证据与荷马诗歌中描述的制度和实践之间的关系。考古证据表明，聚落格局、丧葬习俗、制陶传统等方面存在明显的地区差异。有人认为，这必定反映了社会组织中深刻的地区差异。民族志类比被用来理解其中一些区域模式。希腊黑暗时代的两个更大、更稳定的社区——雅典和克诺索斯——受到了详细的审查。对这两个地点的罐子风格和太平间表现之间的关系进行密切的语境分析，揭示了两种不同而非趋同的模式。在雅典，埋葬习俗和后来的罐子风格似乎是与年龄和性别相关的象征系统的一部分。然而，在克诺索斯，无论是罐子风格还是太平间的表现形式，都没有明确的图案。相反，存在连续的变化。这种根本差异无法容纳在统一的“荷马社会”的概念中。这里建议荷马所描述的制度和实践仅在区域间层面运作。
This paper attempts to provide new insights into the nature of Greek society in the Dark Ages (1100–700 B.C.). It re-examines the relationship between the archaeological evidence and the institutions and practices described in the Homeric poems. The archaeological evidence indicates that there were marked regional differences in settlement pattern, burial customs and pottery traditions. This must, it is argued, reflect profound regional differences in social organisation. Ethnographic analogies are used to make sense of some of these regional patterns. Two of the larger and more stable communities in Dark Age Greece, Athens and Knossos, are subjected to detailed scrutiny. A close contextual analysis of the relationship between pot style and mortuary representations in these two sites reveal two patterns which are divergent rather than convergent. In Athens burial customs and later pot style appear to be part of an age and sex linked symbolic system. In Knossos however, there is no clear patterning, either in pot style or mortuary representations. Instead there is a continuum of variation. Such fundamental differences cannot be accomodated within the concept of a uniform ‘Homeric Society’. It is suggested here that the institutions and practices described in Homer only operated at an inter-regional level.