SPECIATION THROUGH COMPETITION: A CRITICAL REVIEW
SPECIATION THROUGH COMPETITION: A CRITICAL REVIEW
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通过竞争形成物种：批判性回顾
DOI：
10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01771.x
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Barton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Polechová;N. Barton
摘要 我们研究了同源性和近源性无性种群中物种形成的原因，为 Dieckmann 和 Doebeli (1999) 以及 Doebeli 和 Dieckmann (2003) 报道的物种形成模式提供了另一种解释。他们发现，在同源性和近源性中，物种形成相对容易发生。我们发现，在同域克隆模型中，平衡分布是连续的，驱动离散簇演化的破坏性选择只是暂时的。因此，如果离散表型要在同域性模型中保持稳定，就应该存在某种非暂时性破坏性选择的来源，从而推动品种的进化。我们使用布尔默无穷小模型分析有性生殖种群，结果表明，无成本分类本身会导致物种形成，只有当最佳分布无法匹配时才会出现破坏性选择——在这个例子中，因为表型范围是有限的。此外，Doebeli 和 Dieckmann 的分析假设了高遗传方差和高突变率。因此，这些理论模型并不支持同域物种形成是资源竞争的可能结果的结论。在他们的parapatric模型（Doebeli和Dieckmann 2003）中，聚类成不同的表型是由边缘效应驱动的，而不是由频率依赖的竞争驱动的。
Abstract We examined causes of speciation in asexual populations in both sympatry and parapatry, providing an alternative explanation for the speciation patterns reported by Dieckmann and Doebeli (1999) and Doebeli and Dieckmann (2003). Both in sympatry and parapatry, they find that speciation occurs relatively easily. We reveal that in the sympatric clonal model, the equilibrium distribution is continuous and the disruptive selection driving evolution of discrete clusters is only transient. Hence, if discrete phenotypes are to remain stable in the sympatric sexual model, there should be some source of nontransient disruptive selection that will drive evolution of assortment. We analyze sexually reproducing populations using the Bulmer's infinitesimal model and show that cost-free assortment alone leads to speciation and disruptive selection only arises when the optimal distribution cannot be matched—in this example, because the phenotypic range is limited. In addition, Doebeli and Dieckmann's analyses assumed a high genetic variance and a high mutation rate. Thus, these theoretical models do not support the conclusion that sympatric speciation is a likely outcome of competition for resources. In their parapatric model (Doebeli and Dieckmann 2003), clustering into distinct phenotypes is driven by edge effects, rather than by frequency-dependent competition.