LASERS
LASERS
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DOI：
10.1126/science.149.3679.13
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发表时间：
1965-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
SCHAWLOW, AL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
SCHAWLOW, AL
在过去的几年中，具有巨大强度和高光谱纯度的新光源已经成为可用的。这些新光源属于利用受激发射的分子振荡器和放大器的一般类别。它们的工作原理是基于微波放大器和振荡器（称为脉泽）的工作原理。因此，把微波激射器作为一个通用词来使用是合适的，在适当的情况下用红外线、光学或紫外线等形容词来修饰它。然而，几乎所有工作在红外、可见光和紫外波段的脉泽都利用模式选择来提供良好的准直。一束辐射，对于这种脉泽，现在普遍使用激光这个术语。现在有大量的关于激光的文献，而且增长很快，包括几本书和相当数量的评论文章。一个文摘服务机构正在以每年超过1000张的速度发行激光和密切相关主题的卡片（3）。很明显，不可能总结，甚至列出当前激光研究的所有方面。在此也不可能追溯这一领域成长和发展的复杂历史。相反，我将仅仅简单地描述激光器的一般结构，
In the last few years new light sources of enormous intensity and great spectral purity have become available. These new sources belong to the general class of molecular oscillators and amplifiers which make use of stimulated emission. Their principles of operation are based on those of the microwave amplifiers and oscillators known as masers. It is, thus, appropriate to use the term maser as a generic word, qualifying it by adjectives such as infrared, optical, or ultraviolet where appropriate. However, almost all masers operating in the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum make use of mode selection to provide a wellcollimated. beam of radiation., For such masers, the term laser is now comnlonly used.There now exists a large and rapidly growing literature on lasers, including several books (1) and a~ considerable number of review articles (2). One abstracting service is now issuing cards on lasers and closely related subjects at a rate greater than 1000 per year (3). It is clearly impossible to summarize, or even list, all aspects of current laser research. Nor is it possible here to trace the complex history of the growth and development of this field. Instead, I shall merely describe briefly the general structures of lasers, and