Gambling Disorder: Simultaneous Measurement of Screening Scales in Multiple Regions of Japan
Gambling Disorder: Simultaneous Measurement of Screening Scales in Multiple Regions of Japan
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赌博障碍：同时测量日本多个地区的筛查量表
DOI：
10.1101/2022.11.27.22282778
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ito Chieko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Noda Tatsuya;Kido Moritoshi;Ito Chieko
背景和目的在DSM-5诊断标准中，赌博障碍被定义为持续和反复出现的有问题的赌博行为，导致临床显著的损害或痛苦。根据DSM-5，过去一年的赌博障碍患病率在一般人群中约为0.2%-0.3%，终生患病率约为0.4%-1.0%。日本目前没有赌场，但包括赌场在内的3个综合度假村（ir）计划在本世纪20年代末开业。在国外，已经有关于赌场对一个地区的赌博盛行率的影响的研究，但在日本没有类似的实证研究。在许多地区进行了大量的调查，但使用的不同筛选测试使得很难比较结果。然而，筛查测试之间的比较不太常见。本研究的第一个目标是衡量赌博障碍的患病率在地区，其中IRs计划开放和控制区域。第二个目标是确定筛选测试之间的关系，并通过对同一受试者进行多次赌博障碍筛选测试来检查措施之间的差异。材料与方法本调查是一项自我管理的在线调查，于2021年在日本进行，共有2000人参加，年龄从20岁到69岁不等。我们进行了4项赌博障碍筛查测试（SOGS， PGSI, LieBet Screen,DSM-5）。测量了8次赌博中每一次的经验率。按性别和地区对4项测试进行计算和比较。结果8种赌博活动中，彩票体验率最高，为58.5%，柏青哥次之，为42.2%，区域差异不明显。在4项筛查试验中，男性PAC较高，SOGS和DSM-5中存在区域差异。每个测试的不同临界值的PAC分布在“dango图”中进行比较。本研究表明，在规划的和非IR地区进行4项赌博障碍筛查试验的pac，这将是一个基线调查，以衡量开放IR的影响。虽然我们的结果可能会由于方法因素而包含一些偏差，但通过继续使用相同的测量方法，我们的研究项目将能够达到观察IR开放前后适用率变化的最终目标。此外，本研究还对同一地区的同一受试者进行了几次赌博障碍筛查测试，并以一种名为dango图表的图表形式进行了说明。当筛选测试的截止分数改变时，适用人员率的变化（测试内比较）和适用人员率在测试之间分布的差异（测试间比较）可视化。我们认为dango图表是比较几种不同测试的一种有用的表示方法。
Background and ObjectivesGambling disorder is defined as persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to clinically significant impairment or distress in DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. According to the DSM-5, the past-year prevalence rate of gambling disorder is about 0.2%-0.3% in the general population, and the lifetime prevalence is about 0.4%-1.0%. Japan currently has no casinos, but three integrated resorts (IRs), including casinos, are scheduled to open in the late 2020s. In abroad, there have been studies on the effect of casinos on the prevalence of gambling in a region, but similar empirical studies do not exist in Japan. There are a lot of surveys being conducted in many areas, but the different screening tests used make it difficult to compare the results. However, comparisons between screening tests are less common. The first objective of this study is to measure the prevalence of gambling disorder in areas where IRs are planned to open and control areas. The second objective is to identify relationships among screening tests and examine differences between measures by administering multiple screening tests for gambling disorder to the same subjects.Materials and methodsThis survey was a self-administered, online survey of 2000 people in Japan, ranging in age from 20 to 69 conducted in 2021. We administered 4 gambling disorder screening tests (SOGS, PGSI, LieBet Screen,DSM-5). Experience rates for each of 8 gambles were measured. Percentage above cut-off score (PAC) was calculated and compared by gender and region for 4 tests.ResultsAmong the eight gambling activities, the lottery had the largest experience rate at 58.5%, PACHINKO was second at 42.2%, and there were no major regional disparities. In each of the 4 screening tests, PAC was greater in males, and regional differences were found in SOGS and DSM-5. The distribution of PAC for different cut-off scores for each test is illustrated in a “dango chart” for comparison.DiscussionThis study indicates PACs for 4 gambling disorder screening tests in planned and non-IR areas, and this will be a baseline survey to measure the impact of opening an IR. Although our results will contain some biases likely due to methodological factors, by continuing to use the same measurement method, our research project will be able to reach its ultimate goal of observing changes in the applicable rate before and after the opening of the IR. In addition, this study administered several gambling disorder screening tests to the same subjects in the same region and illustrated them in a chart format named the dango chart. This visualized the changes in the applicable person rate when the cut-off scores of the screening tests were changed (within-test comparisons) and the differences in the distribution of the applicable person rate across tests (between-test comparisons). We think that the dango chart is a useful presentation method for comparing several different tests.
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