Reflexivity in Technology Studies: Toward a Technology of Technology (and Science)?
Reflexivity in Technology Studies: Toward a Technology of Technology (and Science)?
复制标题
技术研究中的反身性：迈向技术（和科学）技术？
DOI：
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发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Hamlin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Hamlin
近年来，学者们开始将科学知识社会学的视角应用于技术。与此同时，在科学的社会学(和历史学)研究中，如何在方法论上处理反身性问题一直是人们非常关注的问题。本文考虑了反身性问题对技术的社会学和历史学解释的影响。根据对技术的描述(主要是历史学家的描述)，这篇论文发展了几种认为技术与科学有显著不同的意义。因此，与科学知识社会学相关的假设和方法、背景和期望可能不适合于技术研究。这些差异可以用来洞察反身性问题。如果我们像我们在科学中所做的那样，从我们研究的活动中寻找如何研究它的指导，我们可能会发现，技术支持着一种与科学不同的关于分析人员的位置和目的的概念--一种研究人员不是孤立的知情者，而是参与社会和政治活动的共同创造者的概念。根据萨尔·雷斯蒂沃和布鲁诺·拉图尔最近的建议，我们作为STS学者的活动可能更好地被描述为技术(或科学)的技术，而不是科学(或技术)的科学。
In recent years scholars have begun to apply perspectives of the sociology of scientific knowledge to technology. At the same time, there has been much concern about how to deal, methodologically, with the issue of reflexivity in sociological (and historical) studies of science. This paper considers implications of the reflexivity issue for sociological and historical accounts of technology. Drawing on characterizations of technology (mainly by its historians), the paper develops several senses in which technology is conceived to differ significantly from science. Accordingly, assumptions and approaches, contexts and expectations associated with the sociology of scientific knowledge may be inappropriate to the study of technology. These differences can be used to gain insights into the reflexivity question. If, as we have done in science, we look to the activity we study for guidance about how to study it, we may find technology to warrant a different conception of the location and purposes of its analysts than does science - a conception of the studier not as an isolated knower, but as a socially and politically involved co-creator. In line with recent suggestions of Sal Restivo and Bruno Latour, our activity as STS scholars might then better be characterized as a technology of technology (or science), rather than as a science of science (or technology).