Parking, transit and employment in a central business district
Parking, transit and employment in a central business district
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中央商务区的停车、交通和就业
DOI：
10.1006/juec.1997.2059
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
R. Voith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Voith
摘要本文通过建立一个一般均衡模型，研究了停车和公交补贴政策对中央商务区（CBD）规模、CBD地价、汽车和公交市场份额的影响。该模型的三个主要特征是：（1）集聚经济随着劳动力市场规模的不断扩大而不断增长;（2）交通拥堵仅由汽车使用引起;交通是不可吸收的;（3）在给定均衡价格和城市规模的情况下，企业和个人不能通过迁移来降低成本或增加效用，在这个意义上，位置均衡得以维持。我们得出的条件下，停车税可以征收和用于补贴过境和增加均衡CBD的规模和土地价值。我们计算出一个最佳的停车税，最大限度地提高CBD的规模和土地价值，并得出停车税，交通使用和拥堵之间的关系。我们发现停车税，土地价值和公共交通使用之间的非单调关系。
Abstract In this paper we present a general equilibrium model to examine the role of parking and transit subsidy policy on the size of a central business district (CBD), CBD land values, and the market shares of cars and transit. The three main features of the model are: (1) agglomeration economies increase continuously with labor market size; (2) congestion arises from auto use only; transit is noncongestible; and (3) locational equilibrium is maintained in the sense that firms and individuals cannot reduce costs or increase utility by moving, given equilibrium prices and city size. We derive the conditions under which parking taxes can be levied and used to subsidize transit and increase equilibrium CBD size and land values. We compute an optimal parking tax that maximizes CBD size and land values and derive relationships among parking taxes, transit use, and congestion. We find nonmonotonic relationships among parking taxes, land values, and transit use.