ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS AND DRINKING BEHAVIOR
ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS AND DRINKING BEHAVIOR
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DOI：
10.15288/jsa.1977.38.953
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发表时间：
1977-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
HERSHON, HI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HERSHON, HI
对有36种可能的戒断症状中的多种症状的酗酒者（100名男性，平均年龄41岁）进行了研究。10种最具特异性（原始患病率/筛选后患病率）的症状是全身颤抖、面部颤抖、手和手指颤抖、无法面对白天、恐慌、内疚、恶心、视觉幻觉、疲倦和喉咙哽塞感。这些症状在不同程度上引发了饮酒行为。只有29%的患者因噩梦、手或手指颤抖而饮酒，因焦虑饮酒的患者占69%，因渴望饮酒的占85%，因强烈渴望饮酒的占90%。缓解程度通常相当大。在抑郁时饮酒的患者中，70%通过饮酒得到缓解。在10种主要症状中，身体颤抖、手或手指颤抖、恐慌和喉咙哽塞感在超过90%的患者中通过进一步饮酒得到缓解。除了1种（内疚）外，其余9种主要症状在超过80%的患者中得到缓解。其他症状也通过饮酒得到缓解，尤其是焦虑（82%）、抑郁（70%）、睡眠不好（71%）、耳鸣（78%）和肌肉痉挛（78%）。进一步饮酒对渴望的缓解作用最小（36%）。主成分分析得出了两类戒断症状，一种是情感障碍综合征（8种症状），另一种是身体障碍综合征（22种症状）。每一类都与过去28天的饮酒量以及饮酒天数显著相关。只有身体戒断症状群与先前的震颤谵妄、酒精耐受性降低、曾经抽搐以及为买酒而偷窃显著相关。身体和情感症状群以及非戒断症状（不属于任何一类）都与艾森克人格问卷的神经质得分显著相关，但只有身体戒断症状群与外向性得分呈正相关。
Alcoholics (100 men, mean age 41) who had experienced many of 36 possible symptoms of withdrawal were studied. The 10 most specific (crude prevalence/filtered prevalence) symptoms were whole body shakes, face shakes, hand and finger shakes, cannot face day, panicky, guilty, nausea, visual hallucinations, tiredness and choking lump in throat. These symptoms had provoked drinking to varying degrees. Only 29% of the patients drank in response to nightmares, to hands or fingers shaking, 69%, to anxiety, 85% and to craving, 90%. The degree of relief was usually considerable. Of those who drank when depressed 70% were relieved by alcohol. Of the 10 leading symptoms, body shakes, hand or finger shake, panicky and choking lump in throat were relieved by further drinking in over 90% of the patients. With 1 exception (quilty) the remaining 10 leading symptoms were relieved in over 80%. Other symptoms too were relieved by drinking, especially anxiety (82%), depression (70%), sleeping badly (71%), tinnitus (78%) and muscle cramps (78%). Craving was least alleviated by further drinking (36%). Principal component analysis produced 2 clusters of withdrawal symptoms, an affect disturbance syndrome (8 symptoms) and a physical disturbance syndrome (22 symptoms). Each cluster correlated significantly with quantity of alcohol in the last 28 days and with number of days drinking. Only the physical withdrawal cluster correlated significantly with previous delirium tremens, reduced alcohol tolerance, convulsions ever, and having stolen to buy alcohol. Both physical and affective clusters and nonwithdrawal symptoms (not in either cluster) correlated significantly with the neuroticism score of the Eysenck Personality Inventory but only the physical withdrawal cluster was positively correlated with the extroversion score.