Rethinking entrenched narratives about protected areas and human wellbeing in the Global South.
Rethinking entrenched narratives about protected areas and human wellbeing in the Global South.
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DOI：
10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000050
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Schreckenberg, Kate
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Woodhouse, Emily;Bedelian, Claire;Barnes, Paul;Cruz-Garcia, Gisella S;Dawson, Neil;Gross-Camp, Nicole;Homewood, Katherine;Jones, Julia P G;Martin, Adrian;Morgera, Elisa;Schreckenberg, Kate
将人类发展与生物多样性保护目标联系起来的尝试仍然是与保护区有关的政策和做法的一个不变特征。这些方法的基础是简化假设的叙述，决定了如何设计和实施干预措施。我们研究了五个关键叙述的证据：1）保护有利于穷人; 2）减少贫困有利于保护; 3）补偿抵消保护成本; 4）当地参与有利于保护; 5）当地社区的土地保有权支持有效的保护。通过一个混合方法的综合，结合了100篇同行评审论文和25个专家访谈，我们研究了每个叙述是否以及如何得到证据的支持或反驳。前三种说法尤其成问题。保护区可以减少物质贫困，但排斥给当地的福祉带来了巨大的代价，最贫穷的人往往会感受到这一点。减贫不一定能实现保护目标，权衡取舍是常见的。赔偿（对人类与野生动物冲突造成的损害或机会成本）很少足够或与福祉和经历的不公正的成本相称。关于参与和保有权保障的说明4和5得到更多支持，强调了在成功保护方面向土著人民和当地社区重新分配权力的重要性。鉴于2020年后全球生物多样性框架下保护区的拟议扩大，我们概述了我们的审查对加强和实施全球目标的影响，以积极将社会公平纳入保护和保护行为者的问责制。
Attempts to link human development and biodiversity conservation goals remain a constant feature of policy and practice related to protected areas (PAs). Underlying these approaches are narratives that simplify assumptions, shaping how interventions are designed and implemented. We examine evidence for five key narratives: 1) conservation is pro-poor; 2) poverty reduction benefits conservation; 3) compensation neutralises costs of conservation; 4) local participation is good for conservation; 5) secure tenure rights for local communities support effective conservation. Through a mixed-method synthesis combining a review of 100 peer-reviewed papers and 25 expert interviews, we examined if and how each narrative is supported or countered by the evidence. The first three narratives are particularly problematic. PAs can reduce material poverty, but exclusion brings substantial local costs to wellbeing, often felt by the poorest. Poverty reduction will not inevitably deliver on conservation goals and trade-offs are common. Compensation (for damage due to human wildlife conflict, or for opportunity costs), is rarely sufficient or commensurate with costs to wellbeing and experienced injustices. There is more support for narratives 4 and 5 on participation and secure tenure rights, highlighting the importance of redistributing power towards Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities in successful conservation. In light of the proposed expansion of PAs under the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, we outline implications of our review for the enhancement and implementation of global targets in order to proactively integrate social equity into conservation and the accountability of conservation actors.