Least-squares data-to-data migration: An approach for migrating free-surface-related multiples
Least-squares data-to-data migration: An approach for migrating free-surface-related multiples
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最小二乘数据到数据偏移：一种偏移自由表面相关多次波的方法
DOI：
10.1190/geo2018-0080.1
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发表时间：
2019-03
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Chang Xu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zheng Yikang;Wang Yibo;Chang Xu
与自由表面相关的倍数可以提供额外的地下照明，因此可以有效地包括在迁移过程中。然而，大多数多重迁移方法需要分离基片和自由面相关的倍数，或者至少提前预测倍数，这既耗时又容易出错。数据到数据迁移（data-to-data migration， DDM）方法通过向前和向后传播记录的完整数据（包含主数据和与自由表面相关的倍数）来迁移与自由表面相关的倍数。对于DDM，不需要预测或分离多次波，但由于不希望发生的地震事件（例如，一级和二阶自由面相关多次波）相互关联而产生的串扰影响了偏移结果。为了消除DDM所产生的串扰，我们开发了最小二乘DDM （LSDDM）。在每次迭代中，前向传播的原色和与自由面相关的多重残差与后向传播的原色和与自由面相关的多重残差相互关联，形成反射率梯度。我们采用三层模型和Marmousi模型进行数值试验。结果表明，LSDDM可以提供比DDM更高的信噪比和更平衡的幅值偏移图像。在偏移速度准确、记录时间充足的条件下，LSDDM方法对一般的海洋地震资料地下成像具有一定的应用价值。
Free-surface-related multiples can provide extra illumination of the subsurface and thus can be usefully included in migration procedures. However, most multiple migration approaches require separation of primaries and free-surface-related multiples or at least prediction of multiples in advance, which is time consuming and prone to errors. The data-to-data migration (DDM) method migrates free-surface-related multiples by forward and backward propagating the recorded full data (containing primaries and free-surface-related multiples). For DDM, there is no need to predict or separate multiples, but the migration results suffer from the crosstalk generated by crosscorrelations of undesired seismic events, e.g., primaries and second-order free-surface-related multiples. We have developed least-squares DDM (LSDDM) for marine data to eliminate the crosstalk generated by DDM. In each iteration, the forward-propagated primaries and free-surface-related multiples are crosscorrelated with the backward-propagated primary and free-surface-related multiple residuals to form the reflectivity gradient. We use a three-layer model and the Marmousi model for numerical tests. The results validate that LSDDM can provide a migrated image with higher signal-to-noise ratio and more balanced amplitudes than DDM. The LSDDM approach might be valuable for general subsurface imaging for marine seismic data when the migration velocity is accurate, and the acquired data have sufficient recording time.
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