Social transmission of disinhibition in young children
Social transmission of disinhibition in young children
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00601.x
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发表时间：
2007-07-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Itakura, Shoji
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moriguchi, Yusuke;Lee, Kang;Itakura, Shoji
本研究检验了幼儿在维度变化卡片分类任务中的行为是否会受到他们对另一个人执行任务的观察的影响。实验1表明，在孩子们观看成人根据一条规则对卡片进行排序后，尽管孩子们被指示根据新规则对卡片进行排序，但大多数3岁的孩子会犯持续性错误，并使用观察到的旧规则而不是新规则对卡片进行排序。然而，只有一些4岁的孩子和少数5岁的孩子会犯同样的错误。实验2、3和4表明，年幼的孩子在决定使用旧规则或新规则时会考虑成人模型所显示的社交语用信息。当模型似乎知道她对卡片的排序不正确（实验 2 和 3），或者不确定她是否正确地对卡片进行排序（实验 4）时，大多数 3 岁的孩子不再犯持续性错误。当成人模特对自己的分类充满信心或忽视自己的分类错误时，大多数三岁的孩子都会犯持续性错误。这些结果综合起来表明，社会观察可以导致抑制解除。换句话说，抑制解除可以通过社交方式从一个人传播到另一个人。
The present study examined whether young children's behaviors in the Dimensional Change Card Sorting task can be influenced by their observation of another person performing the task. Experiment 1 showed that after children watched an adult sorting cards according to one rule, although the children were instructed to sort the cards according to a new rule, most 3-year-olds made perseverative errors and used the observed, old rule to sort the cards instead of the new rule. However, only some 4-year-olds and few 5-year-olds made the same mistake. Experiments 2, 3 and 4 showed that the younger children took into consideration social pragmatic information displayed by the adult model when deciding to use the old rule or the new rule. When the model appeared to know that she sorted the cards incorrectly (Experiments 2 and 3), or was uncertain whether she sorted cards correctly (Experiment 4), most 3-year-olds no longer committed perseverative errors. When the adult model was confident about her sorting or oblivious to her sorting errors, most 3-year-olds made perseverative errors. These results taken together suggest that social observation can lead to disinhibitions. In other words, disinhibition can be transmitted socially from one person to another.