Behavioral evidence for nested central pattern generator control of Drosophila grooming.
Behavioral evidence for nested central pattern generator control of Drosophila grooming.
复制标题
果蝇梳理的嵌套中央模式发生器控制的行为证据。
DOI：
10.7554/elife.71508
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发表时间：
2021-12-22
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Simpson JH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ravbar P;Zhang N;Simpson JH
中央模式发生器（Central Pattern Generator，CPG）是一种神经元或神经回路，它产生周期性的输出，而不需要模式化的输入。更复杂的行为可以从更简单的子程序中组装出来，嵌套的CPG被提出来协调它们的重复元素，组织不同时间尺度上的控制。在这里，我们使用行为实验来确定果蝇的梳理可能是由嵌套的CPG控制的。在短时间范围内（5-7 Hz，~ 200 ms/运动），苍蝇通过定期扫腿和摩擦清洁。更令人惊讶的是，头部清扫和腿部摩擦的回合之间的转换在较长的时间尺度上也是周期性的（0.3- 0.6Hz，~ 2s/回合）。我们研究梳理在一定范围内的温度表明，这两个振荡的频率增加的标志CPG控制的节奏在两个时间尺度上以相同的速度增加，表明嵌套的CPG可能是链接。当使用光遗传激活保持感觉驱动恒定时，这种关系成立，但振荡可以在自发梳理的苍蝇中解耦，表明替代控制模式是可能的。感觉反馈的丧失不会破坏周期性，但会减缓较长时间尺度的交替。嵌套的CPGs简化了复杂但重复的行为的产生，在果蝇梳理中识别它们提供了一个绘制构成它们的神经回路的机会。
Central pattern generators (CPGs) are neurons or neural circuits that produce periodic output without requiring patterned input. More complex behaviors can be assembled from simpler subroutines, and nested CPGs have been proposed to coordinate their repetitive elements, organizing control over different time scales. Here, we use behavioral experiments to establish that Drosophila grooming may be controlled by nested CPGs. On a short time scale (5–7 Hz, ~ 200 ms/movement), flies clean with periodic leg sweeps and rubs. More surprisingly, transitions between bouts of head sweeping and leg rubbing are also periodic on a longer time scale (0.3–0.6 Hz, ~2 s/bout). We examine grooming at a range of temperatures to show that the frequencies of both oscillations increase—a hallmark of CPG control—and also that rhythms at the two time scales increase at the same rate, indicating that the nested CPGs may be linked. This relationship holds when sensory drive is held constant using optogenetic activation, but oscillations can decouple in spontaneously grooming flies, showing that alternative control modes are possible. Loss of sensory feedback does not disrupt periodicity but slow down the longer time scale alternation. Nested CPGs simplify the generation of complex but repetitive behaviors, and identifying them in Drosophila grooming presents an opportunity to map the neural circuits that constitute them.