Use of adjuvant-enhanced formulations to increase bipyridylium-herbicide effectiveness.
Use of adjuvant-enhanced formulations to increase bipyridylium-herbicide effectiveness.
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发表时间：
2004
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通讯作者：
J. Menéndez;F. Bastida
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作者：
J. Menéndez;F. Bastida
百草枯和敌草快是两种常用的非选择性联吡啶类除草剂，通常作为主要的化学除草方法用于柑橘园和园艺中耕作物。然而，由于敌草快缺乏对抗禾本科杂草的有效谱，并且百草枯对哺乳动物的毒性引起了强烈的环境问题，因此可能需要增加敌草快对禾本科杂草的毒性并降低百草枯的施用率。以禾本科杂草硬直黑麦草和阔叶杂草马齿苋为试验材料，在实验室控制条件下，研究了6种商业助剂（聚1-对薄荷烯、油酸甲酯和棕榈酸甲酯的混合物、烷基乙二醇酯、十二烷基苯磺酸铵和2种石蜡油）对百草枯和敌草快药效的影响。剂量-反应分析表明，助剂未能增加百草枯对阔叶杂草和禾本科杂草的效力，但在某些混合物中观察到拮抗作用，如百草枯+聚薄荷烯。然而，所有测试的佐剂都成功地显著增加了敌草快在甘蓝和（最重要的）L.硬草敌草快制剂的ED 50率降低到非敌草快试验中获得的那些的15%（敌草快+ DBSA）和30%（敌草快+脂肪酸酯、敌草快+聚乙烯烯）。刚性，分别。结果表明，敌草快制剂是一种有效的百草枯替代品，可以作为一个更环境友好的替代品，具有相当的效果和除草剂率。
Paraquat and diquat are two popular, non-selective; bipyridylium herbicides commonly used in citrus orchards and horticultural row crops as the main chemical weed control method. However, since diquat lacks of an effective spectrum against grass weeds, and paraquat mammal toxicity raises strong environmental concerns, both an increase in diquat toxicity against grasses and a reduction in paraquat rates may be desired. Using grass-weed Lolium rigidum and broad leave weed Portulaca oleracea as experimental systems, the effects of six commercial adjuvants (poly-1-p-menthene, mixture of methyl oleate and palmitate, alkylglycol ester, dodecylbenzene ammonium sulphonate, and two paraffinic oils) on paraquat and diquat effectiveness have been studied under laboratory controlled conditions. Dose-response assays showed that adjuvants failed in increasing paraquat efficacy in both broad and grass weeds, yet antagonistic effects being observed in some mixtures such as paraquat + polymentene. However, all adjuvants tested did succeed in increasing significantly diquat effectiveness in P. oleracea and (most important) L. rigidum grass weed. Formulated-diquat ED50 rates were reduced down to 15% (diquat + DBSA) and 30% (diquat + fatty acid ester, diquat + polimentene) of those obtained on non-formulated-diquat trials for P. oleracea and L. rigidum, respectively. Results showed that formulated diquat proved to be a valid alternative to paraquat, and could be used as a more environmentally friendly substitute with comparable effectiveness and herbicide rate.